Backwater Blues

The song "Backwater Blues" is a blues and jazz standard written by Bessie Smith. Smith (on vocal with James P. Johnson on piano) recorded it as "Back-water Blues" on February 17, 1927, in New York City. Its musical composition entered the public domain on January 1, 2023.

Background
The song has long been associated with the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927. Study of Smith's touring itinerary, of testimony of fellow entertainers who toured with her, and of contemporary reports indicates that the song was written in response to the flood that struck Nashville, Tennessee, on Christmas Day 1926. The Cumberland River, which flows through the city, rose 56 feet above its normal level, still a record.

Composition
The lyrics are in the often-used AAB blues format. The words vary from one performer to another; this opening verse is representative: