Balsfjord Municipality

Balsfjord ( - ; Paatsivuono) is a municipality in Troms county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Storsteinnes. Other notable villages include Mestervik, Mortenhals, and Nordkjosbotn.

The 1497 km2 municipality is the 58th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Balsfjord is the 173rd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 5,571. The municipality's population density is 3.7 PD/km2 and its population has decreased by 0.4% over the previous 10-year period.

The municipality surrounds two fjords: Malangen and Balsfjorden, surrounded by comparatively rich farmlands under majestic peaks including the southern end of the Lyngen Alps.

General information
Balsfjord was originally a part of the great Tromsøe landdistrikt municipality, but it was separated from this in 1860 to form its own municipality. Balsfjord had an initial population of 3,610. On 1 January 1871, the northwestern part of the municipality (population: 1,425) was separated from it to create the new Malangen Municipality. This left Balsfjord with 2,255 inhabitants. On 1 January 1875, a part of Lyngen Municipality (population: 7) was transferred to Balsfjord. On 1 January 1905, a part of Balsfjord (population: 5) was transferred to Målselv Municipality.

During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1964, most of Balsfjord Municipality was merged with most of neighboring Malangen Municipality to form a new, larger Balsfjord Municipality (population: 6,993). Also on that day, the Skogli ved Heia area (population: 2) was transferred to the neighboring Målselv Municipality and the uninhabited Elvebakken farm was transferred to the neighboring Storfjord Municipality. On 1 January 1966, the Sørelvmo area of Balsfjord (population: 131) was transferred to Målselv Municipality.

On 1 January 2020, the municipality became part of the newly formed Troms og Finnmark county. Previously, it had been part of the old Troms county. On 1 January 2024, the Troms og Finnmark county was divided and the municipality once again became part of Troms county.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the local fjord: Balsfjorden. The meaning of the first element is uncertain, but is possibly associated with either the Norse god Baldr or the Old Norse word bals which means "lump". The last element is which means "fjord". Historically, the name of the municipality was spelled Balsfjorden. On 6 January 1908, a royal resolution changed the spelling of the name of the municipality to Balsfjord, removing the definite form ending -en.

Coat of arms
The coat of arms was granted on 21 November 1986. The official blazon is "Gules, a plough Or" (I rødt en gull plog). This means the arms have a red field (background) and the charge is a plough. The plough has a tincture of Or which means it is commonly colored yellow, but if it is made out of metal, then gold is used. This symbolizes the fact that the main source of income in the municipality is agriculture. The plough also symbolizes that the municipality is at the northernmost limits of where grain can be grown (and ploughs used) in Norway. The arms were designed by Arvid Steen.

Churches
The Church of Norway has two parishes (sokn) within Balsfjord Municipality. It is part of the Indre Troms prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland.

History
The local inhabitants are descendants of a mixture of Norwegian, Sami and Kven people. Due to the assimilation processes carried out by the Norwegian government, today very few traces of Sami and Kven culture survive. From the 18th century until the 20th century, trappers from Balsfjord were active in the Arctic, hunting in areas from Greenland to Novaya Zemlya.

Mindekirken movement
According to the book Tromsø City History (Tromsø by Histori) written by Nils Andreas Ytreberg (1896–1987) (published in Norwegian), during the mid-19th century, Balsfjord became the religious home of a group of "mindekirken" or "freechurch dissenters" who split from the state church parish in Tromsø. The mindekirken movement in the Troms region was led by the seminary student, Johannes Andreas Johannessen Bomstad (born at Balsfjord on 23 August 1821), who split from the state church at the age of 28, under the leadership of the first Norwegian mindekirken movement leader, Rev. Lammers from Oslo. In 1856, Bomstad and his original followers established their own church which they called the "Free Apostolic Christian Church" in Balsfjord.

"Rev. Bomstad" and his followers were said to have struggled and protested against the Tromsø state church minister and the Troms Bishop's religious rulings, eventually leading to a riot in the town of Tromsø, when state-church members yelled at Bomstad and his fellow dissenters to "go back to Kautokeino (A small village in the most northern districts of Norway)". In 1862, Bomstad led a group of "mindekirken colonists" to America, traveling first to Bergen, where they sailed in mid-May 1862 aboard the Sleipner, arriving at the inland port of Chicago, Illinois on 2 August 1862. Their voyage was also noteworthy as the first transatlantic voyage sailing directly from Europe to the port of Chicago (other previous transoceanic ships disembarked first at Quebec City, Canada.) After arriving in Chicago, the mindekirken colonists traveled overland to the area of St. Peter, Minnesota, where they remained during the "Dakota War of 1862".

Rev. Bomstad left St. Peter traveling by mule to Kandiyohi County, Minnesota, where near the east bank of a lake (previously called "Lake Lillian"), he became the founding father of Lake Lillian, Minnesota in May 1864 (one hour ahead of the town's next settler, Mr. O.E. Hart, previously of New York). After staking his original claim, a month later on 3 June 1864, Rev. Bomstad led the rest of the colonists from St. Peter to their new settlement at Lake Lillian, where they built dugout shelters to live in that first year (on the site later occupied by the First M.E. Methodist Church of Lake Lillian.) A few months later he and his family finished building and moved into their log cabin home.



Government
Balsfjord Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Nord-Troms og Senja District Court and the Hålogaland Court of Appeal.

Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Balsfjord is made up of 19 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Mayors
The mayor (ordfører) of Balsfjord is the political leader of the municipality and the chairperson of the municipal council. Here is a list of people who have held this position:


 * 1860-1862: H.A. Moursund
 * 1863-1870: D. Bruun
 * 1871-1874: J.R. Nilsen
 * 1875-1878: A.O. Daae
 * 1879-1882: J.R. Nilsen
 * 1883-1892: Ole O. Hansvold
 * 1893-1894: J.R. Nilsen
 * 1895-1901: Peter A. Larsen
 * 1902-1903: G.O. Kløvstad
 * 1903-1910: Andreas Iversen
 * 1910-1913: Mads Kvien (V)
 * 1914-1917: Johannes Eide
 * 1917-1919: Alf B. Bastiansen
 * 1919-1919: Hans Abrahamsen
 * 1920-1926: C.J. Corneliussen
 * 1926-1928: Peter A. Larsen
 * 1929-1934: Nik. Heim (Ap)
 * 1934-1940: Lars Fause (Ap)
 * 1941-19: John Gerhard Rønne (NS)
 * 1945-1946: Lars Fause (Ap)
 * 1946-1951: Emil Nymoen (Ap)
 * 1952-1961: Magne Sagelv (Ap)
 * 1962-1969: Asbjørn Sjøthun (Ap)
 * 1970-1975: Alfred Sagelvmo (Ap)
 * 1975-1979: Rolf Sand (Sp)
 * 1979-1983: Sverre Ola Aarøen (H)
 * 1983-1991: Olav Åsheim (Ap)
 * 1991-1995: Kåre Kristiansen (Sp)
 * 1995-1999: Eva Johnsen (Ap)
 * 1999-2003: Oddvar Kåre Skogli (Ap)
 * 2003-2011: Gunda Johansen (Ap)
 * 2011-2015: Ole-Johan Rødvei (H)
 * 2015-2023: Gunda Johansen (Ap)
 * 2023-present: Laila Monica Johannessen (Sp)

Geography
The highest point in the municipality is the 1587 m tall mountain Vassdalsfjellet.

Economy
Farming is the single most important industry, although there is also some manufacturing. The Tine dairy factory at Storsteinnes is one of the largest producers of the Norwegian brown cheese (brunost). They also make their own brand of cheese, called Balsfjord, from goat's milk.

Transportation
European route E6 and European route E8 meet at the village of Nordkjosbotn, making it a major crossroad.

Attractions
Apart from the impressive scenery, attractions include the 6000-year-old rock carvings at Tennes (close to the Balsfjord Church), the old trading centre of Nordby, a Sami camp at Heia open over the summer months and the 18th century sawmill at Aursfjord. There is also a smaller field of rock carvings at Åsli. The Malangen Brygger resort on the water's edge has opened on the Malangen Peninsula and will expand further in May 2010 when a hotel and conference centre open.



Notable people
Notable people that were born or lived in Balsfjord include:
 * Andreas Beck (1864 in Balsfjord – 1914), a seal-hunter, polar captain, ice captain, shipowner, and explorer
 * Lillemor von Hanno (1900 in Balsfjord – 1984), an actress, novelist, and playwright
 * Sverre Heim (born 1951 in Balsfjord), a physician, cancer researcher, and chess player
 * Gunda Johansen (born 1952), a politician who was mayor of Balsfjord municipality starting in 2003
 * Kent-Are Antonsen (born 1995 in Storsteinnes), a footballer who played 180 games for Tromsø