Baseball5

Baseball5 (B5) is an internationally played safe haven game with many of the same rules as baseball and softball, which is governed alongside those sports by the World Baseball Softball Confederation (WBSC).

The game revolves around two teams of five players taking turns playing offense and defense, with each of the offensive team's players taking turns hitting a small rubber ball with their bare hands into the field of play (which is a 21 m-square), and then running counterclockwise around four bases (13 m apart) laid out in a square shape to score a run, while the defensive team tries to eliminate ("get out") offensive players before they complete their trip around the bases to prevent them from scoring. Outs (eliminations) occur either when a hit ball is caught before it touches the ground by a defender, or (in specific situations) when a defender with the ball either touches the base a runner is supposed to reach, or touches the runner themselves. Offensive players can also get themselves out by illegally hitting the ball or for breaking the rules while running the bases.

The teams switch roles after three outs are made, with an "inning" being completed when both teams have played offense once. The game is played to five innings, with any ties being broken by playing extra innings as necessary, and games generally lasting 15 to 20 minutes. Oftentimes, a best-of-three (or even best-of-five) series is played to determine the result of a matchup between two teams. Unlike baseball/softball, there is no pitcher, with the batter (offensive player who hits the ball) starting each play with the ball, which is the only equipment used in the game.

The WBSC proposed the game in 2017 with the intention of growing baseball/softball on a global level, claiming that the game's low cost, fast pace, and small field make it a more accessible and appealing entry point to those sports. It organizes a mixed-gender B5 World Cup for senior and youth players in alternating years, with teams required to field at least two active players per gender. The game is also scheduled to be played in a mixed-gender format at the 2026 Summer Youth Olympics, and has started to find adoption in schools, national championships, and other international events around the world.

Inspiration
B5 was inspired by similar games that have been played on the streets in Latin America and elsewhere for decades, such as cuatro esquinas (four corners) in Cuba and pelotica de goma (little rubber ball) in Venezuela. In some cases, B5 significantly diverges from the rules of these games; for example, it does not feature a pitcher, as is done in one street variation in Colombia, and players are allowed to run the bases, as opposed to only walking, as is required in "cuatro esquinas".

The WBSC invented B5 in part to increase the odds that a sport similar to baseball and softball will be played in the Olympics, with B5 meant to contribute to an ultimate goal of having a billion fans in the baseball-softball community by 2030  and helping to demonstrate the global reach of the games. It also intended to create a game that would be more accessible and cheap, as the only equipment used in B5 is the rubber ball, and the field is much smaller than a baseball diamond or softball field, with the game being playable indoors or outdoors, even during the winter. In this respect, as well as the fact that there are fewer players required to play a game, B5 is meant to imitate smaller, more urban variants of other major sports, such as 3x3 basketball, futsal, and rugby sevens. Inclusiveness is meant to be another goal of B5, with the game having been demonstrated at a refugee camp in Jordan, and being scheduled to be the first mixed-gender team sport in an Olympic event to not have a separate competition for male-only or female-only teams. In addition, the game is meant to be simpler to learn, have more youth appeal, and be more exciting, with players participating more frequently throughout the game. Another claimed benefit is that with B5 being introduced across the entire world at the same time, no one country is likely to dominate the game; the lack of the pitcher role, which is highly specialized, contributes to this.

Post-2017
The game has been demonstrated and played in various places across the world, such as in the United States during the MLB All-Star Week, in the 2021 Bulgarian Olympic Festival, and on the sidelines of the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics in Argentina and the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Japan. It is being implemented in many schools in some countries, like Australia and France.

Before the 2022 Baseball5 World Cup, a new B5 rulebook was published that increased clarity on some of the rules, as well as changing some of the field dimensions.

Field
The infield is a 13 m-square, with a base in every corner. The fair territory is a 18 m-square, with one of the corners coinciding with the home plate (the final base). The batter's box is a 3 m-square. It is placed outside of the fair territory and is built on the extension of the two foul lines (which distinguish fair and foul territory, and sit in fair territory) crossing each other at the home plate corner. There is also a "no-hit zone", which is the area between home plate and a line drawn between two points that are each 4.5 m (or 3 m for the U-15 age category) down the two foul lines from the home plate corner; this area is not part of fair territory.

Bases
All bases are marked on the ground (i.e. they are not physical cushions like in baseball/softball). Ideal shape and size of the first three bases is a 60 cm-square, and they are placed in the outfield (the part of fair territory outside of the infield). In order to avoid collisions, the first base is "doubled" in foul territory. Home plate sits in the no-hit zone and is shaped like a 43.2 cm-square, except that two of its corners are removed such that the edges of home plate touching the foul lines are 30.5 cm, the two adjacent sides are 21.6 cm, and the remaining side is still 43.2 cm.

Fences
The ideal height of the fences bounding the field is 1 m. However, every league or tournament organisation may decide on other ways of limiting the field of play, such as using existing walls or marking the ground with lines.

Ball
The only piece of equipment used is a hollow rubber ball with a circumference of 208.4 mm.

Offense
The Visitor team starts the game in offense, with the Home team on defense. The goal of the offensive team is to have each of its players hit the ball and then run counterclockwise around all four bases in order without being eliminated by the defense, thus scoring one run for their team. The act of hitting takes place while a hitter is entirely in the batter's box; the hitter must not step out of the lines until the hit ball reaches fair territory. The ball has to be hit hard either with a palm or a fist. The first bounce has to be at a minimum distance of 3 m from home plate (i.e. not in the "no-hit zone"), and in fair ground, with the ball then being either touched by a defender or reaching the outfield fence. If the ball goes into foul territory before reaching the outfield, then the batter is out. The batter in the action of running towards first base, after putting the ball in play, has to touch the base in foul territory. In order to stay safe, the batter has to remain in the area included within the base and the 1.5 m-safe area extension attached to it in foul territory.

Scoring runs
An offensive player who touches first base, second base, third base and home plate in that order scores one run for their team, and then leaves the field until their next turn as a hitter. However, a run can not be scored by an offensive player touching home plate during a play where the third out in the inning is made by:


 * the batter-runner before reaching first base
 * a runner who is forced out (i.e. the runner was required to reach the next base but failed to)
 * a preceding (further-advanced) runner is declared out for failing to touch one of the bases.

Offensive self-elimination
How the offensive players eliminate themselves due to illegal behaviors/actions: Note: If a play occurs where the batter failed to legally hit the ball, then the play is canceled (i.e. any runners who got out or advanced around the bases during the play return to their bases as if the play never happened) and the batter is eliminated.
 * The batter is eliminated if they fail to legally hit the ball by:
 * stepping outside of the batter's box lines before the hit ball enters fair territory (i.e. passes the no-hit zone)
 * hitting the ball on its first bounce into foul territory or in the “no-hit” zone
 * hitting the ball in such a way that it goes into foul territory before reaching the outfield
 * completely missing the ball in the attempt of hitting
 * intentionally faking to hit the ball
 * not making a hit ball touch the fair ground before touching the fences or going above the fences
 * not giving the hit ball enough momentum to reach the outfield fence (i.e. the boundary of fair territory which is beyond the infield) after its first bounce(s), unless it is touched by a defender
 * not respecting the batting order and hitting in place of a teammate
 * A baserunner is eliminated by:
 * being hit by a legally hit ball
 * leaving their base before the batter hits the ball
 * passing a teammate while in the action of running the bases
 * being tagged while they and other runner(s) are on the same base. The one who batted most recently shall be called "out"
 * diving or sliding in the attempt to safely reach a base or in the attempt to avoid a tag

Special batting order situation
In a situation with bases loaded and two outs (two offensive players having been eliminated), if the runner at third base has to be the next hitter in the batting order, the runners at first and second bases each advance one base, the runner on third base goes to hit, and a pinch runner is placed on first base. In teams with only five players, the first player "called out" (eliminated) in that inning becomes pinch runner on first base. The batting order shall always be respected.

Defense


The five players (1st Base, 2nd Base, Midfielder, Shortstop, and 3rd Base, from right to left) of the defensive team shall all be in fair territory when the batter hits the ball.

Elimination methods
How the defense makes "outs" (eliminates offensive players) using the ball:
 * By touching the base (while in possession of the ball) to which a runner is "forced" to run
 * (The batter is always forced to run to first base, and any runner must run to the next base if they are on a base to which a teammate is forced to run.)
 * By catching a hit ball before it touches the ground (this eliminates the batter).
 * If a catch occurs that gets the batter out, all runners must return to or remain on the bases they were on before the catch, and only then can they continue advancing around the bases; otherwise, a defender holding the ball can touch the base the runner started from to get them out.
 * By tagging a runner when he/she is not on a base (touching the ball, held in the defensive player's hand, to the runner)

Ball leaving the field
The ball remains live if a defender with the ball leaves the field, so long as they secured possession of the ball in fair territory.

If the ball leaves the court due to a defensive error (missed throw or missed catch of a thrown ball), each runner is awarded an extra base (i.e. the batter goes to 2nd base, and all other runners advance 2 bases as well). Any runner who clearly advanced 2 bases before the defensive error may be granted an extra base as well (i.e. a runner on 1st who advanced to 3rd before the error can be awarded home plate). However, no extra base is awarded for a ball leaving the field for any other reason (i.e. the batter only goes to 1st base if the hit ball rebounds out of play off a defender.)

End of the game
The game ends at the end of the fifth inning if one team has scored more runs than the opponent. Should the Home Team be ahead on the score after the Guest Team has completed its fifth offensive inning, the game is over and the Home Team wins.

Many B5 competitions feature best-of-three series known as "matches", with each individual game in the match called a "game" or "set"; the team that wins two games in the match wins the overall match.

Tiebreaker
In case of a tie game, the teams shall play and complete extra inning(s) until one team scores more runs than the opponent. The player scheduled to hit fifth for the sixth inning (i.e. the player who batted last in the fifth inning, and whose name precedes the first batter of the sixth inning) is placed on first base as a runner to start the inning. The players scheduled to hit fifth and fourth in the seventh inning are placed on first and second base, and so on with three runners to start the following innings until the game ends.

Run-ahead rule
A game is over if a team leads by 15 runs at the end of the third inning or by 10 at the end of the fourth.

Differences from baseball and softball

 * There are only five players on each team, and the game lasts only five innings.
 * There is no pitcher, catcher, or outfielders. (A "midfielder" fields in the position where the pitcher would normally be.)
 * Defensive players do not have gloves to catch the ball, which is hollow and made of rubber.
 * In contrast to the non-standardized outfield dimensions in baseball and softball, a B5 field has a standardized size and square shape with a length of 21 m on each side. The bases are only 13 m apart, rather than 60 ft or 90 ft apart as in softball and baseball respectively. In addition, the bases are only marked on the ground, rather than being physical cushions.
 * The batter starts each play off with the ball, and only gets one chance to legally hit it into fair territory; otherwise they are out. Notably, this includes a requirement that the hit ball must travel at least 3 m before it first bounces, so that it does not go into the "no-hit zone" in front of home plate.
 * The first bounce of the hit ball must be in the field and in fair territory, and it must have enough momentum to reach the fence (i.e. Out-of-the-park home runs are not allowed.) For youth players, the hit ball need only reach the outfield i.e. pass the line connecting the bases.
 * If the ball first bounces in fair territory (and stays fair until it passes first or third base), it is a fair ball.

Governance
At the international level, B5 is administered by the World Baseball Softball Confederation (WBSC). Within each country, it is administered by the national baseball and/or softball governing body. Exceptions apply for certain countries, such as Japan, where a specific governing body has been set up to run B5.

Competitions
B5 competitions are played throughout the world, with national championships played in countries such as Tunisia, Taiwan, and the Dominican Republic, and international championships such as the World Cups being played each year.

International Tournaments
The Baseball5 World Cup (B5WC) and Youth Baseball5 World Cup (YB5WC) will be administered by the WBSC, with both tournaments alternating and happening every two years, and following the general format of having 50 games played between 12 national teams over 7 days. Continental qualifiers for each tournament will be played during their off-year. The 2025 YB5WC will act as a qualifier for the mixed-gender Baseball5 event to be held in the Dakar 2026 Youth Olympic Games (YOG).

The B5WC's and YOG event were originally scheduled to start in 2020 (in Mexico) and 2022 respectively, but were delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

WBSC's premier events:
 * Baseball5 World Cup (Since 2022)
 * European Baseball5 Championship (Since 2020) - France and Lithuania qualified for 2022 B5WC
 * African Baseball5 Championship (Since 2022)
 * Baseball5 Asia Cup (Since 2022)
 * Youth Baseball5 World Cup (Beginning 2023) - For players 14 to 18 years old
 * Baseball5 Youth Asia Cup - Chinese Taipei (Taiwan), China, and South Korea qualified for 2023 YB5WC.
 * European Under-17 Baseball5 Championship (Since 2022) - France and Turkiye qualified for 2023 YB5WC
 * Youth Olympic Games (Beginning 2026)
 * WBSC Qualifier events:
 * European Under-15 Baseball5 Championship (Beginning 2023)

Multi-sport events:


 * Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games (Beginning 2023)
 * African Beach Games (Beginning 2023)

Minor events:


 * Balkan Baseball5 Championship - played 2018 and 2020 in an indoor mall (Bulgaria Mall)
 * Foro Italico, Rome (2018)
 * Havana, Cuba (2018)
 * Baseball5 Americas Open (2019)

Domestic Tournaments

 * Egyptian Baseball5 National Championship (2020)
 * French Open (2020)
 * Lithuanian Baseball5 Championship (2021)
 * India Sub Junior National Baseball5 Championship (2021)
 * Pakistan B-5 National Championship (2021)
 * Belgium Guardians BB5 Cup (2022)