Beechwood Cemetery

Beechwood Cemetery is the national cemetery of Canada, located in Vanier, Ottawa, Ontario. Over 82,000 Canadians from all walks of life are buried in the cemetery, including Governor General Ramon Hnatyshyn, Prime Minister Robert Borden, and several members of Parliament, premiers, Canadian Armed Forces personnel and veterans, Royal Canadian Mounted Police personnel, Canadian Security Intelligence Service intelligence officers, and Hockey Hall of Famers, alongside other notable Canadians. In addition to being Canada's national cemetery, it contains the National Military Cemetery of the Canadian Armed Forces and the National Memorial Cemetery of the RCMP.

Honours and designations
Beechwood has received various honours and designations because it is recognized as an example of 19th-century rural cemeteries and as a place of national significance and importance as a depository of Canadian history. It was designated as a National Historic Site of Canada in 2001. The cemetery has served as the National Military Cemetery of Canada since 2001 and has served since 2004 as the RCMP National Memorial Cemetery. Governor General Michaëlle Jean opened the Beechwood National Memorial Centre on 7 April 2008. In 2017, the Canadian Security Intelligence Service's National Memorial Cemetery was established at Beechwood.

Pipe Major Sergeant Tom Brown is the "on call" piper of the National Military Cemetery at Beechwood, where he can perform up to a dozen outdoor funerals a year.

Hall of Colours
When new military colours are received or a unit is disbanded, colours are treated with utmost respect to military service and are never destroyed. After being carried on parade for the last time, the colour party presents the colours prior to the ceremony in which they are laid up for safekeeping in the Hall of Colours. Designed by Robertson Martin Architects, the Hall of Colours features a memorial stained glass window featuring an oak tree in leaf honouring Canadian military chaplains. The Hall of Colours was supported by a donation of $50,000 from Dominion Command of the Royal Canadian Legion.

The retired colours of Canada's army, air force, and naval regiments are mounted at ceiling level in the Hall of Colours in the National Memorial Centre. They include:
 * Royal Canadian Navy's 30-year-old Queen's Colour (2008)
 * 2nd Battalion Royal 22e Régiment Queen's Colour and Regimental Colour
 * 2nd Battalion, The Royal Canadian Regiment Queen's Colour and Regimental Colour
 * 412 Squadron's retired Standard (2011)
 * Royal Canadian Dragoons' 2nd. Guidon (2012)
 * Les Fusiliers du St-Laurent Queen's Colour and Regimental Colour (2012)
 * 436 Transport Squadron's retired Standard (2012)
 * 400 Tactical Helicopter Squadron's Standard (2013)
 * 411 Tactical Helicopter Squadron's Standard (2013)
 * 3rd Battalion, The Royal Canadian Regiment's Regimental Colour (2014)

History
Canadian soldiers who were killed in the line of duty and war veterans have been buried in Beechwood Cemetery since the North-West Rebellion of 1885. The cemetery contains the National Military Cemetery which consists of two sections managed by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission, a Veterans Section owned by Veterans Affairs Canada, and the National Military Cemetery of the Canadian Forces, created in 2001 and owned and managed by the federal Department of National Defence.

The first monument in the cemetery was erected by members of the 2nd Ottawa Field Battery in the 1870s. The sculptured sandstone cairn is dedicated to the memory of their former commanding officer, Lieutenant-Colonel John B. Turner. Erected in the 1870s by members of the 2nd Ottawa Field Battery, a sculptured sandstone statue on shaft is dedicated to the memory of a former commander, Captain James Forsyth.

The cemetery inspired a classic Canadian poem "In Beechwood Cemetery" by Archibald Lampman with its memorable final line, "They know no season but the end of time."

Moses Chamberlain Edey designed the cemetery entrance gates in 1891.

The Commonwealth War Graves Commission is responsible for the graves of 98 Commonwealth (mainly Canadian) service personnel of World War I and 113 of World War II. The commission also maintains the Ottawa Cremation Memorial, in a shelter adjoining the newer of the veterans' plots, which lists 26 personnel who were cremated in Canada and the US in World War II.

Noted for its Neo-Gothic architecture, the mausoleum at Beechwood was built by Canada Mausoleums Ltd. in the early 1930s. After a few years of operation, in a time of depression and financial difficulties, the mausoleum became the property of the cemetery. The building features stained glass windows designed by noted stained glass artist James Blomfield.

The Commonwealth War Graves Commission erected a memorial, known as a Cross of Sacrifice, incorporating a bronze sword inlayed in a granite cross in memory of the war dead buried in the cemetery's field of honour.

On 5 March 2009 Environment Minister Jim Prentice introduced legislation to designate Beechwood as the National Cemetery of Canada due to "its location here in our national capital, Beechwood serves as a focal point for our national memorial events, including Remembrance Day, and it is an appropriate place to conduct state burials." This was done to "serve as an important symbol of Canadian unity and pride and a means of preserving and promoting Canada's rich history and our diversity." The bill was passed on March 6. The bill received royal assent on April 23, 2009.

The multi-faith aspects include a monument to Our Lady of Fatima, Élisabeth Bruyère, St. Marie-Marguerite d'Youville, St. Charbel (for the Lebanese community) and a pagoda in the Chinese section of the cemetery and an Aboriginal Tribute Garden.

Interments
A full list of notable individuals buried at Beechwood can be found on the cemetery's website.

List by death year:


 * Thomas McKay (1792–1855), businessman, a founder of the city of Ottawa
 * Sir William Johnstone Ritchie (1813–1892), second Chief Justice of Canada
 * Hewitt Bernard (1825–1893), lawyer, Father of Confederation
 * Henry Wentworth Monk (1827–1896), Canadian Christian Zionist
 * Thomas Fuller (1823–1898), architect, designer of the Parliament Buildings of Canada
 * Archibald Lampman (1861–1899), poet
 * Sir John George Bourinot (1837–1902), historian, political scientist, newspaper publisher
 * Sir William McDougall (1822–1905), lawyer, politician, Father of Confederation
 * Sir Henry Newell Bate (1833–1906), Canadian industrialist, first Chairman of the National Improvement Commission (National Capital Commission), founder of Beechwood Cemetery, Founder of All Saints Anglican Church (Ottawa)
 * Andrew George Blair (1844–1907), statesman, Premier of New Brunswick
 * Hod Stuart (1879–1907), ice hockey player, member of Hockey Hall of Fame
 * Sir Sandford Fleming (1827–1915), engineer, inventor
 * Wilfred Campbell (1858–1918), poet
 * Sir Cecil Spring Rice (1859–1918), British Ambassador to the United States
 * John Macoun (1831–1920), noted naturalist after which the Macoun marsh wild life area in the cemetery is named
 * Arthur L. Sifton (1858–1921), statesman, Premier of Alberta
 * John Rudolphus Booth (1827–1925), lumber tycoon
 * James Creighton or J.G.A. Creighton (1850–1930), 'father' of organized ice hockey, law clerk of the Senate
 * Frank Maurice Stinson Jenkins (1859–1930), founder, and the first captain of the Ottawa Hockey Club, orchestra conductor
 * Sir George Eulas Foster (1847–1931), politician
 * Charles H. Mackintosh (1843–1931), Lieutenant Governor of the Northwest Territories, 1893–1898, Member of Parliament, 13th Mayor of Ottawa, (1879–1881), owner/editor of the Ottawa Citizen (1874–1892)
 * Sir Robert Borden (1854–1937), 8th Prime Minister of Canada
 * Eddie Gerard (1890–1937), Hall of Fame ice hockey player
 * Harvey Pulford (1875–1940), Hall of Fame ice hockey player
 * Charles Stewart (1868–1946), politician, Premier of Alberta
 * Duncan Campbell Scott (1862–1947), poet
 * Percy Algernon Taverner (1875–1947), ornithologist
 * John Duncan MacLean (1873–1948), teacher, physician, politician and the 20th Premier of British Columbia
 * Faith Fyles (1875–1961) pioneering Canadian government female botanist and artist
 * Henry Crerar (1888–1965), Canadian Army General and diplomat
 * Andrew McNaughton (1887–1966), Commander-in-Chief Canadian 1st Army in WW II, statesman
 * William Arthur Steel (1890–1968), Canadian radio pioneer
 * Charles Foulkes (1903–1969), Canadian Army General, Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff, negotiated the WWII Nazi surrender in the Netherlands
 * Harry L. 'Punch' Broadbent (1892–1971), Hall of Fame ice hockey player
 * Clint Benedict (1894–1976), Hall of Fame ice hockey player
 * Cecil Duncan (1893–1979), Canadian Amateur Hockey Association president
 * Johnny Fauquier (1909–1981), Hall of Fame aviator, WWII hero, DFC, DSO
 * Tommy Douglas (1904–1986), politician, voted "The Greatest Canadian"
 * Gordon F. Henderson (1912–1993), lawyer, Chancellor of the University of Ottawa
 * Hardial Bains (1939–1997), founder of the Marxist Leninist Party of Canada
 * Ray Hnatyshyn (1934–2002), statesman, Governor General of Canada
 * Lou Lefaive (1928–2002), Canadian sports administrator and civil servant
 * Nichola Goddard, (1980–2006), CAPT, Royal Canadian Horse Artillery. First Canadian female soldier killed in action
 * Maurice Nadon (1920–2009), former Royal Canadian Mounted Police Commissioner
 * Mauril Bélanger (1955–2016), Member of Parliament for Ottawa—Vanier