Belgian literature

Because modern Belgium is a multilingual country, Belgian literature is often treated as a branch of French literature or Dutch literature. Some writing also exists in the regional languages of Belgium, with published works in both the Walloon language, closely related to French, and also in various regional Flemish or Dutch-related dialects.

German is the third official language in Belgium and is spoken by a small community of about 70,000 German-speakers of the German-speaking Community of Belgium in the border region Eupen-Malmedy. ''See de:Belgische_Literatur.

Dutch/Flemish writers

 * Hendrik Conscience (1812 – 1883), author of The Lion of Flanders (1838)
 * Guido Gezelle (1830 – 1899), noted for his use of West Flemish dialect
 * Cyriel Buysse (1859 – 1932)
 * Willem Elsschot (pseudonym of Alphonsus Josephus de Ridder, 1882 – 1960)
 * Marnix Gijsen (pen name of Joannes Alphonsius Albertus Goris, 1899 – 1984)
 * Louis Paul Boon (1912 – 1979)
 * Hugo Claus (1929 – 2008)
 * Jef Geeraerts (1930 – 2015)
 * Eric de Kuyper (born 1942)
 * Herman de Coninck (1944 – 1997) poet
 * Herman Brusselmans (born 1957)
 * Tom Lanoye (born 1958)
 * Erwin Mortier (born 1965)
 * Dimitri Verhulst (born 1972)

Belgian literature in French

 * Nicolas Ancion
 * Alain Le Bussy
 * Francis Baudouin
 * Charles De Coster
 * Eugène Demolder
 * André-Paul Duchâteau
 * Georges Eekhoud
 * Max Elskamp
 * Michel de Ghelderode
 * Albert Giraud
 * Maurice Grevisse
 * Camille Lemonnier
 * Suzanne Lilar
 * Maurice Maeterlinck
 * Thierry Martens
 * Pierre Mertens
 * Henri Michaux
 * Amélie Nothomb
 * Jean Ray aka John Flanders for his works in Dutch
 * Georges Rodenbach
 * J.H. Rosny and J.-H. Rosny aîné & J.-H. Rosny jeune
 * Stanislas-André Steeman
 * Georges Simenon
 * Jean-Philippe Toussaint
 * Emile Verhaeren
 * Henri Vernes
 * Arthur Xhignesse
 * Marguerite Yourcenar

Belgian literature in Walloon
Literature in Walloon has been printed since the 16th century or at least since the beginning of the 17th century. Its golden age was in the 19th century: 'That period saw an efflorescence of Walloon literature, plays and poems primarily, and the founding of many theaters and periodicals.' Yves Quairiaux counted 4800 plays for 1860–1914, published or not. In this period plays were almost the only popular show in Wallonia. But this theater remains popular in present-day Wallonia: Theatre is still flourishing with over 200 non-professional companies playing in the cities and villages of Wallonia for an audience of over 200,000 each year. Jacques Ancion wanted to develop a regular adult audience. This regional literature most commonly deals with local folklore and ancient traditions, the most prominent Walloon author being Arthur Masson.
 * Charles-Nicolas Simonon (1774-1847): "Li Côparèye" (1822)
 * Nicolas Defrecheux (1825-1874): "Lèyîs-m'plorer" (Let me weep, 1854)
 * Edward Remouchamps (1836-1900) wrote the vaudeville theater piece "Tatî l'pèriquî" (Gautier, the barber, 1885)
 * Salme Dieudonné: the novel "Li Houlot" (The cadet, 1888)
 * Willame Georges (1863-1917), sonnets
 * François Renkin (1872-1906), stylized prose
 * Henri Simon (1856-1939): "Li Mwert di l'abe" (The death of the tree, 1909) and "Li pan dè bon Dieu" (The Bread of the Good Lord, 1914)
 * Jules Claskin (1884-1926), poetry
 * Laloux Auguste (1908-1976): "Li p'tit Bêrt", written before 1940, published in 1963
 * Geo Libbrecht (1891-1976): poetry, "Les cloques / Les cleokes (1964)."

Notes and references

 * Notes:
 * References: