Bird changes

The Blues for Alice changes, Bird changes, Bird Blues, or New York Blues changes, is a chord progression, often named after Charlie Parker ("Bird"), which is a variation of the twelve-bar blues.

The progression uses a series of sequential ii–V or secondary ii–V progressions, and has been used in pieces such as Parker's "Blues for Alice". Toots Thielemans's "Bluesette", Freight Trane written by pianist Tommy Flanagan, and Parker's "Confirmation" also have similar progressions.

Structure
A simple blues progression, in C, is as follows:



A typical blues progression in jazz, in C, is as follows:

The Bird Blues progression, in C, is as follows:

In roman numeral analysis, this is represented by


 * {| class="wikitable" style="width:340px;"

This can be viewed as a cycle of ii–V progressions leading to the IV chord (F7 in the key of C major), and the tritone substitution of the dominant chords leading by half-step to the V chord (G7 in C).
 * style="width:25%;"| IM7
 * style="width:25%;"| vii7  III7
 * style="width:25%;"| vi7   II7
 * style="width:25%;"| v7    I7
 * IV7
 * iv7   ♭VII7
 * iii7   VI7
 * ♭iii7 ♭VI7
 * ii7
 * V7
 * IM7  VI7
 * ii7    V7
 * }
 * IM7  VI7
 * ii7    V7
 * }


 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; width:340px;"


 * -bgcolor="#DDD"
 * width=25%| C:
 * width=25%| Am:
 * width=25%| G(m):
 * width=25%| F:
 * IM7 || ii7    V7 || ii7      V7 || ii7      V7
 * -bgcolor="#DDD"
 * F: || E♭: || D: || D♭(m):
 * I7 || subii7 subV7 || subii7 subV7 || subii7 subV7
 * -bgcolor="#DDD"
 * colspan="4"| C:
 * ii7 || V7 || IM7   VI7 || ii7     V7
 * }
 * ii7 || V7 || IM7   VI7 || ii7     V7
 * }
 * }
 * }