Bishnugarh (community development block)

Bishnugarh, also known as Bishungarh, is a community development block (CD block) that forms an administrative division in the Hazaribagh Sadar subdivision of the Hazaribagh district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.

Overview
Hazaribagh district is spread over a part of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The central plateau, averaging a height of 2000 ft, occupies the central part of the district. On all sides, except on the western side, it is surrounded by the lower plateau, averaging a height of 1300 ft, the surface being undulating. In the north and the north-west the lower plateau forms a fairly level tableland till the ghats, when the height drops to about 700 ft and slopes down gradually. The Damodar and the Barakar form the two main watersheds in the district. DVC has constructed the Konar Dam across the Konar River. It is a forested district with cultivation as the main occupation of the people. Coal is the main mineral found in this district. China clay is also found in this district. Inaugurating the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana in 2016, Raghubar Das, Chief Minister of Jharkhand, had indicated that there were 23 lakh BPL families in Jharkhand. There was a plan to bring the BPL proportion in the total population down to 35%.

Maoist activities
Right from its inception in 2000. Jharkhand was a “laboratory” for Naxalites to experiment with their ideas of establishing a parallel government. As of 2005, 16 of the 22 districts in the state, including Hazaribagh district, was transformed into a “guerrilla zone”. The movement was not restricted to armed operations but included kangaroo courts called Jan adalats, elected village bodies and people's police. Jharkhand, with a dense forest cover over a large part of the state, offers a favourable terrain for the Naxalites to build their bases and operate. Annual fatalities in Jharkhand were 117 in 2003 and 150 in 2004. In 2013 Jharkhand was considered one of the two states in the country most affected by Left wing extremism and Jharkhand police set up an exclusive cell to deal with Maoist activities. However, in the same year, when Jharkhand police identified 13 focus areas for combating Maoist extremism, Hazaribagh district was not one of them.

Geography
Bishnugarh is located at 24.0153°N, 85.7524°W. It has an average elevation of 508 m.

Bishnugarh CD block is bounded by Bagodar CD block, in Giridih district, on the north and a portion of the east, Dumri CD block, in Giridih district, on a portion of the east, Nawadih, Bermo and Gomia CD blocks, in Bokaro district, on the south, and Tati Jhariya and Barkatha CD blocks on the west.

Bishnugarh CD block has an area of 416.99 km2. As of 2011, Bishnugarh CD block had 24 gram panchayats, 89 inhabited villages and 2 census towns (Bishnugarh, Cherra). Bishnugarh police station serves this CD block. Headquarters of this CD block is at Bishnugarh.

Population
According to the 2011 Census of India, Bishnugarh CD block had a total population of 156,477, of which 146,351 were rural and 10,126 were urban. There were 79,009 (50%) males and 77,468 (50%) females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 27,438. Scheduled Castes numbered 17,254 (11.03%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 15,685 (10.02%).

Census towns in Bishnugarh CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Bishnugarh (4,847) and Cherra (5,279).

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Bishnugarh CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Gobindpur Kalan (4,849), Barai (8,159), Achaljamu (15,730), Nawada (6,558), Banaso (8,962), Chano (4,396), Marmo (4,110) and Kharki (14,000).

Literacy
census, the total number of literate persons in Bishnugarh CD block was 80,053 (62.04% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 49,276 (76.08% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 30,777 (47.88% of the female population over 6 years). The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 28.20%.

census, literacy in Hazaribagh district was 70.48%. Literacy in Jharkhand was 67.63% in 2011. Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.

See also – List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate

Language and religion
In 2011, 128,784 (82.30%) of the population was Hindu, 24,964 (15.95%) Muslim, 802 (0.51%) Christian. Other religions were 1,927 (1.23%).

At the time of the 2011 census, 79.83% of the population spoke Khortha, 9.30% Santali, 5.75% Urdu and 4.87% Urdu as their first language.

Rural poverty
40-50% of the population of Hazaribagh district were in the BPL category in 2004–2005, being in the same category as Godda, Giridih and Koderma districts. Rural poverty in Jharkhand declined from 66% in 1993–94 to 46% in 2004–05. In 2011, it has come down to 39.1%.

Livelihood
In Bishnugarh CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 35,492 and formed 48.10%, agricultural labourers numbered 22,559 and formed 30.57%, household industry workers numbered 2,222 and formed 3.01% and other workers numbered 13,519 and formed 18.32%. Total workers numbered 73,792 and formed 47.16% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 82,685 and formed 52.84% of the population.

Note: In the census records, a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the Factories Act. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.

Infrastructure
There are 89 inhabited villages in Bishnugarh CD block. In 2011, 61 villages had power supply. 2 villages had tap water (treated/ untreated), 88 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 85 villages had hand pumps, and 1 village had no drinking water facility. 13 villages had post offices, 10 villages had sub post offices, 5 villages had telephones (land lines) and 50 villages had mobile phone coverage. 89 villages had pucca (hard top) village roads, 22 villages had bus service (public/ private), 5 villages had autos/ modified autos, and 36 villages had tractors. 6 villages had bank branches, 3 villages had agricultural credit societies, no village had cinema/ video hall, 1 village had public library and public reading room. 32 villages had public distribution system, 8 villages had weekly haat (market) and 38 villages had assembly polling stations.

Forestry and agriculture
The main occupation of the people of Hazaribagh district is cultivation. While forests occupy around 45% of the total area, the cultivable area forms about 39% of the total area. The forests are uniformly spread across the district. Sal is the predominant species in the jungles. Other species are: bamboo, khair, sali, semal, mahua, tamarind, mango, black-berry (jamun), peepal, karnaj, jack-fruit, margosa (neem), kusum, palas, kend, asan, piar and bhelwa. Hazaribag Wildlife Sanctuary is located around 19 km north of Hazaribag. Irrigation facilities in this hilly area are inadequate and generally farmers depend on rain for their cultivation. The land situated along the river banks, or low land, is fertile but the uplands are generally barren. May to October is Kharif season, followed by Rabi season. Rice is the main crop of the district. Other important crops grown are: bazra, maize, pulses (mainly arhar and gram) and oilseeds. Limited quantities of cash crops, such as sugar cane, are grown.

Cottage industry
A center for brassware was or is planned to be established here since at least 20 July 2009

Backward Regions Grant Fund
Hazaribagh district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the Backward Regions Grant Fund. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.

Transport
The Gomia road meets Hazaribagh-Hazaribagh Road railway station (Suriya) road at Bishnugarh. The former goes near Konar Dam and the latter meets NH 19 (old NH 2) at Bagodar, around 13 km away.

Education
In 2011, amongst the 89 inhabited villages in Bishnugarh CD block, 17 villages had no primary school, 49 villages had one primary school and 23 villages had more than one primary school. 35 villages had at least one primary school and one middle school. 4 villages had at least one middle school and one secondary school.

Healthcare
In 2011, amongst the 89 inhabited villages in Bishnugarh CD block, 5 villages had primary health centres, 11 villages had primary health sub-centres, 2 villages had maternity and child welfare centres, 3 villages had allopathic hospitals, 1 village had alternative medicine hospital, 2 village had dispensaries, 5 villages had medicine shops and 71 villages had no medical facilities.