Bordered white

The bordered white or pine looper (Bupalus piniaria), is a moth of the family Geometridae. Among these, it belongs to tribe Bupalini of the subfamily Ennominae. B. piniaria is a common species throughout the western Palearctic region, the Near East and North Africa. However, its presence in certain regions – e.g. the northern Balkans – is doubtful.

Three subspecies are generally recognized, while two additional ones are doubtfully distinct:
 * Bupalus piniaria bernieri de Lajonquiere, 1958
 * Bupalus piniaria espagnolus Eitschberger & Steiniger, 1975
 * Bupalus piniaria flavescens White, 1876 (usually included in piniaria)


 * Bupalus piniaria mughusaria Gumppenberg, 1887 (usually included in piniaria)
 * Bupalus piniaria piniaria (Linnaeus, 1758)

In addition, many forms (e.g. kolleri) have also been named.

Description and ecology
This moth is an inhabitant of coniferous woodland. The adults fly in May and June, sometimes later (up to August or so) in the north of the range. Their wingspan is 34–40 mm. This is a variable species with strong sexual dimorphism, always conspicuous in the antennae which are combed in the males and plain in the females. Females, particularly when filled with ripe eggs, also have a plumper abdomen.

Taxonomy
It is (under its original scientific name Phalaena piniaria) the type species of its genus Bupalus, as well as the junior objective synonyms Catograpta, Chleuastes and Phaophyga, and the preoccupied Bupala. Via its genus, it is also the type of the Bupalini. Bupalus was raised by the English zoologist William Elford Leach, in 1815 and is the name of a 6th-century BC Greek sculptor. The specific name piniaria refers to Pinus the pine tree genus and food-plant.