Boris Eifman

Boris Eifman (Борис Яковлевич Эйфман; born 22 July 1946) is a Russian choreographer and artistic director. He has done more than fifty ballet productions.

Biography
Eifman was born in Rubtsovsk, Siberia, where his engineer father had been assigned to work in a tank factory. In 1953, the family moved to Kishinev, Moldavia. Eifman graduated from the Kishinev Ballet School in 1964. He performed as a dancer with the Kishinev Opera and Ballet Theatre; and went on to study choreography at the Leningrad Conservatory, where his teacher was choreographer Georgi Aleksidze. Eifman graduated from the Leningrad Conservatory in 1972. He then became a ballet master at the Vaganova Academy of Russian Ballet, from 1972-1977. In 1977, he received permission to found his own company, originally known as Leningrad Theatre of Contemporary Ballet. The troupe was known by various names, but today its official title is St. Petersburg State Ballet Theatre of Boris Eifman, or simply Eifman Ballet of St. Petersburg when on tour. In addition to choreographing for his own company, Eifman has created ballets for the Maly Theatre of Opera and Ballet, the Kirov Ballet, the Bolshoi Ballet, Les Ballets de Monte Carlo, and New York City Ballet, among others. He has also made dances for film and television.

Eifman's family was required to move from Kharkov to Siberia during World War II. Though conditions in Siberia were hard, the move saved their lives. The Eifmans are Jewish; and the Nazis killed his father's family in Kharkov and Kiev. In Siberia, they lived in a "pit" with six rooms that housed six-ten families. "If the Government did not build real housing it was not because of money, but because people were not treated like people, but like cattle," Eifman says. After the family moved to Moldavia, Eifman began studying ballet and folk dance, from the age of seven, with the Young Pioneers. His parents initially opposed his desire for a dance career, but he began to experiment with choreography as a teenager.

Eifman's interest in dramatic subjects for his choreography places his work in a long-standing Russian tradition. This tradition dates back to the 18th century, and the foundation of the Russian school of ballet by disciples of Jean-Georges Noverre. Eifman has said, "the type of philosophical theater that I am working to create was not born in the Soviet Union...That's an idea that belongs to Noverre."

The choreographer has stated that his work for his own company can be divided into three periods: "the Soviet period, the perestroika era, and the last 10 years." During the first period, he worked mostly without government subsidy and was subject to strict censorship. In spite of these restrictions, however, he won a popular following by choreographing to rock 'n roll music (Pink Floyd) and dared to address controversial themes. The authorities suggested that he emigrate, but he did not wish to leave St. Petersburg. During the second period, which began with his 1987 ballet The Master and Margarita and overlapped with perestroika, Eifman enjoyed more artistic freedom. His company made its first international tour, to Paris, in 1989. The third period began in 1996, when impresario Sergei Danilian approached him leading to the Eifman Ballet's US debut in 1998. The company made their first appearance at the London Coliseum arranged by Gavin Roebuck in 2012.

Works

 * Gayané (1972)
 * Firebird (1975)
 * Towards Life
 * The Meetings
 * The Beautiful Impulses of the Soul
 * Only Love (1977)
 * The Song Broken (1977)
 * Double Voice (1977)
 * Firebird (1978)
 * Movement Eternal (1979)
 * Boomerang (1979)
 * The Idiot (1980)
 * Autographs (1981)
 * Day of Madness, or, The Marriage of Figaro (1982)
 * The Legend (1982)
 * Metamorphoses (1983)
 * Twelfth Night (1984)
 * Second Lieutenant Romashov (1985)
 * Intrigues of Love (1986)
 * The Master and Margarita (1987)
 * Adagio (1987)
 * Pinocchio (1989)
 * Les Intrigues de l'Amour (1989)
 * The Passions of Man (1990)
 * Thérèse Raquin, aka The Murderers (1991)
 * Tchaikovsky: the Mystery of Life and Death (1993)
 * The Karamazovs (1995)
 * Red Giselle (1997)
 * My Jerusalem (1998)
 * Requiem (1998)
 * Russian Hamlet: the Son of Catherine the Great (1999)
 * Don Juan and Molière (2000)
 * Don Quixote or Fantasies of a Madman
 * Who's Who (2003)
 * Musagète (2004)
 * Anna Karenina (2005)
 * The Seagull (2007)
 * Onegin (2009)
 * Rodin
 * Up and Down
 * The Pygmalion Effect (2019)

Honours and awards

 * People's Artist of Russia (Russia, 1995)
 * Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 2nd (2012) class
 * Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters (France, 1999)
 * Commander of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland (2003)
 * State Prize of the Russian Federation - 1998
 * Theatre Award of Saint Petersburg "Golden Soffit" (1995, 1996, 1997, 2001, 2005, 2012)
 * "Golden Mask" (Theatre Union of Russia, 1996 and 1999)
 * Award "Triumph "(1996)
 * Prix Benois de la Danse for "Best choreographer of 2005" (2006)
 * Order of "Peace and Harmony" (Russia, 1998)