Botanical Park, Timișoara

The Botanical Park, since 2007 the Botanical Garden, is an arboretum in Timișoara. Up to its development in the 1900s, the land on which the park is located today was used as a training ground for military exercises. Much earlier, the land was supposedly the site of a Roman cemetery. In 1995 it was declared a scientific reserve, in order to protect the local and exotic flora.

Location
The Botanical Park is located between Timișoara 700 Square and Mărăști Square, in the north of the Cetate district. The park is bordered by Gheorghe Dima, Gheorghe Lazăr, Alexandru Ioan Cuza and Pictor Ion Zaicu streets. The main entrance is located between the buildings of the Adam Müller-Guttenbrunn House and the New Clinics.

History
The first plans for a Botanical Garden in Timișoara date from 1877, when the city council made available to the Society of Natural Sciences of Banat (founded in 1873) the former pig market, today Pleven Square, for the construction of a botanical park. Due to the lack of necessary funds, the society had to give up the project. Between 1902 and 1903, with the construction of the Cadet School (today the New Clinics), a park was arranged around the building by landscaper Árpád Mühle. The park was already part of the project developed by Árpád Mühle and Franz Niemetz, which provided for the long-term construction of a green area consisting of parks and forests around the city. Within this project, the city authorities have already foreseen around World War I the establishment of a park on the current land of the botanical garden, a park also recorded on the perspective plans, laid out on the city map of 1913. On the city map of 1936, the area appears as a park with a series of alleys, with the look they have today.

The current appearance of the park is due to architect Silvia Grumeza who, in 1966, after a previous documentation at the Bucharest Botanical Garden, elaborated a project. The park was designed to fulfill multiple functions: scientific, didactic, educational and recreational. Between 1986 and 1990, 1,650 plant species were planted here, all designed according to phytogeographical and aesthetic criteria. The plants were brought from parks all over the country, from private collections or from international seed exchanges. The park was opened to visitors on 29 June 1986. By that time, the park had 60,000 visitors per year, with over 11,000 entries in May alone. In 2008, a garden with a traditional Japanese teahouse was set up in the park.

Sectors
The Botanical Park has an area of about 84,000 m2, of which 74,500 covered by lawn and trees and 7,500 by alleys. It was designed to include plant species grouped into sectors:
 * ornamental flora (1.6 ha), with a subsector – rose collection;
 * flora and vegetation of Romania (2.4 ha), with a subsector – flora of Banat;
 * flora of the Mediterranean region (0.6 ha);
 * flora of America (1.8 ha);
 * flora of Asia (1 ha), with a subsector – Japanese garden;
 * systematic plant sector (0.7 ha);
 * medicinal flora (0.25 ha);
 * tropical flora (0.1 ha).