Breynia vitis-idaea

Breynia vitis-idaea, the officinal breynia, is a perennial tree-like species of Phyllanthaceae (Euphorbiaceae s.l.), found from India east to Taiwan and Okinawa and south to Indonesia. It is a shrub or treelet with egg-shaped leaves that can reach up to 3 m tall. It has staminate flowers and spherical, red fruit.

Breynia vitis-idaea is pollinated by the leafflower moth Epicephala vitisidaea in Fujian, China and the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. The moth actively pollinates the flowers, but lays an egg into the space between the external carpel wall and the tepals. The moth caterpillars consume a subset of the tree's seeds, receiving nourishment in return.

It contains the saponin breynin and terpenic and phenolic glycosides. It is marketed in Taiwan as Chi R Yun.

Toxicity
Breynia vitis-idaea poisoning causes hepatocellular liver injury.

Other names
Breynia officinalis Hemsley and B. officinalis var. accrescens (Hayata) M.J.Deng & J.C.Wang are synonyms of B. vitis-idaea.

Other variants include:
 * Breynia formosana (Hayata) Hayata
 * Breynia officinalis Hemsley var. officinalis
 * Breynia stipitata Muell. -Arg. var. formosana Hayata
 * Breynia stipitata Muell. -Arg. var. formosana Hayata

Other common names in English include:
 * Formosan breynia
 * Large calyx breynia
 * Medicinal breynia

Common names in other languages include:
 * Cù đề
 * 紅心仔 Âng-sim-á, 紅珠仔 Âng-chu-á, 紅仔珠 Âng-á-chu
 * Takaha'do
 * Hujan panas, semomah, seruyan
 * Matangulang
 * Sungut-olang
 * Santing
 * เพี้ยะฟาน (phiafān; ), ดับพิษ (dapphit; ) (northern), ก้างปลาทะเล (kāngplāthalē; ), ผักหวานตัวผู้ (phakwāntūaphū; ) (central)
 * 大島小判の木 / オオシマコバンノキ / おおしまこばんのき (Ōshima kobannoki), 台湾小判の木 / タイワンコバンノキ / たいわんこばんのき (Taiwan kobannoki), 姫小判の木 / ヒメコバンノキ / ひめこばんのき (Hime kobannoki), 高砂小判の木 / タカサゴコバンノキ / こばんのき (Takasago kobannoki)
 * 大島小判の木 / オオシマコバンノキ / おおしまこばんのき (Ōshima kobannoki), 台湾小判の木 / タイワンコバンノキ / たいわんこばんのき (Taiwan kobannoki), 姫小判の木 / ヒメコバンノキ / ひめこばんのき (Hime kobannoki), 高砂小判の木 / タカサゴコバンノキ / こばんのき (Takasago kobannoki)