Brno-Komín

Brno-Komín is a municipal district in Brno, Czech Republic, in the northwestern part of the city. It consists of the cadastral territory and administrative district of Komín (Komein), originally an independent municipality that was annexed to Brno in 1919. Its cadastral territory has an area of ​​7.60 km2. The municipal district was established on November 24, 1990. About 8,000 inhabitants live here.

For the purposes of the Senate elections, Brno-Komín is included in electoral district number 60 of the Brno-City District.

Komín has the character of a smaller town with clearly visible remains of the original village development. The Komín development is concentrated in the surroundings of the Svratka river and on the adjacent northern slopes, the rest of the cadastre area consists mainly of arable land, forests and also the Medlánky Airport runway system. The original village of Komín with the church of St. Vavřinec, which is closely connected to the local panel housing estate in the north.

Etymology
The name of the settlement was derived from the personal name Koma, which was a domestic form of the name Komoň or Komolec. The meaning of the place name was Koma's property. The name of East Moravian Komně was also derived from a similar domestic form (probably Komen) of the same names. The connection of the name of the village with the common word Komín (lit. 'chimney') is not possible, because in the 13th century, when the name Komín is first documented (1240 in the form of Komyn), chimneys were not yet known in Moravia.

Prehistory, Antiquity and Middle Ages
The oldest archeological findings prove settlement already in the older Stone Age, the Paleolithic, approximately 50 thousand years BC. The finds of the first buried dwellings of prehistoric farmers are dated to the Mesolithic, 4-8 thousand years BC. necessities, as well as clay figurines of women. In the Bronze Age, social strata are already forming among the population, and bronze jewelry and weapons are increasing among the archaeological finds. In Komín, the culture of the people of the mound fields penetrating from the south and the people of the garbage fields advancing from the north meet.

Between 400 and 200 years before the turn of the century, the Celts, a tribe of the Boii, occupy the territory, which brings not only the development of material culture, but also art and trade. The following centuries saw the expansion of the Germanic tribes, the Marcomani and the Quadi. Slavic settlement is documented from the 5th century. In the ninth century, after the creation of Great Moravia, Christianity was consolidated, which is also evidenced by archaeological finds of uncremated graves. In the tenth century, the first continuous building appeared in the area of ​​today's church, which later expanded towards the river Svratka.

In the 14th century, the former two-time queen Eliška Rejčka moved her court to Brno and built the Romanesque-Gothic parish church of St. Lawrence in Komín. The relevant agreement with the bishop of Olomouc is dated 1324. A hundred years later, in 1428, the Hussites moved around, but they did not conquer the village, only plundering the surroundings. According to some indications, a manor fortress may have stood on the Hausperk hill at that time, but there is no evidence for this.

Modern age
With the arrival of a new historical epoch, a series of disasters befell the inhabitants of Komín. In the nineties of the 16th century, there were unprecedented storms, earthquakes, crop failures and misery. During the Thirty Years' War, during the Swedish siege in 1645, the Swedish cavalry was housed in Komín. From that time, there is a rumor about a man who listened to the staff's advice that if the city was not captured by noon the following day, they would abandon the siege and withdraw. The message managed to be conveyed to the besieged, they rang the noon bell an hour earlier in their greatest need, and thereby saved themselves. The Swedes did withdraw, but the outskirts of Brno, including Komín, remained burned and looted. The school ceased to exist for several decades, and the vineyards became empty. The work of destruction was completed by the plague, whose epidemic spread in Brno and its surroundings in 1648. In 1720, the village was completely burned down, and it took many years for it to regain its lost status. In March 1742, the line of encirclement of Brno and Špilberk by the Prussian-Saxon troops of Frederick the Great passed through Komín. Frederick the Great, had already managed to occupy a large part of Moravia and Bohemia, which he tried to seize at the expense of Maria Theresa. Shortly after that, the troops unsuccessfully withdrew and cleared the whole of southern Moravia.

The cemetery around the church was abolished in 1836, after a new one was established, in its present position. In 1849, the people of Komin bought themselves out of subjection for 4,060 gold, 26 krejcars and elected the first councilor and mayor of the village. By 1890, Komín had 168 houses and 1,019 inhabitants (1,017 Catholics, 2 Jews, 1,018 Czechs, 1 German).

20th century
In 1909, a new exhibition school was opened in the village, built according to the design of the academic architect Antonín Blažek from Králov Pole. According to the design of the same author, the chimney church was also rebuilt in the years 1911–1913. At that time, Komín was almost exclusively a peasant village, apart from agriculture, only a liquor factory operated here.

World War I, in the years 1914–1918, meant for the inhabitants the obligation to enlist and participate in the fighting. The victims of the war are commemorated by a monument that stands in the park between the school and the church. After the creation of Czechoslovakia, the surrounding municipalities were annexed to Brno on April 16, 1919, which resulted in the predominance of the Czech-speaking population in Brno. The connection also concerned the municipality of Komín. At that time, almost all of its current cadastre consisted of the municipality of Komín, the southeastern part of the cadastre with Štursová street and some lands of today's SOÚ Spojů belonged to the village of Žabovřesky, and the southwestern part of the cadastre to the village of Jundrov; on the other hand, some marginal parts of the modern cadastre of Bystrc, gardens and a part of the forest in the north of the modern cadastre of Jundrov and the northernmost part of the modern cadastre of Medlánky also belonged to Komín. In 1923, on the site of the former mill, which had stood there since the Middle Ages (in the years 1674–1692 a paper mill operated there), was built a small hydroelectric power plant according to the design of Ing. Petr. Until the construction of the Brno Reservoir, it functioned as a flow, later as a buffer, and it was one of the first installations of the Kaplan turbine (2x 100 kW).

Towards the end of World War II, the Red Army fought with the German army in the Komín area as well. Already on April 26, 1945, the Komín area was liberated, even though the remnants of the Germans were still hiding in the place of the Komín ordeals. The soldiers of the Red Army, who died during the liberation struggles of this part of Brno, were buried at the honorary burial ground on Hausperk, renamed Ruský vrch.

In 1947, the tram line was extended to Komín. In the 1970s, according to the design of the architect František Kopřivík, a panel housing estate was built in Komín (including the provision of trolleybus service) and the Knínič radial was built parallel to the river. With this, Komín quickly lost its village character. In the 1990s, after the change in political conditions, the face of the village improved thanks to the overall reconstruction of Komín Square, and the cemetery, which was canceled during the construction of the housing estate, was restored on the initiative of a group of residents. In 1997, according to the design of the Zlín Kovoprojekt, a new trolleybus depot was built on Jundrovská street. Part of the construction was also an at-grade intersection with the Knínice radial. However, for unclear reasons, this intersection was never completed - it lacks access ramps for turning from/to Komín and Jundrov, and even the tram body was never moved to the relevant bridge span as part of the reconstruction. The absence of ramps greatly complicates traffic inside Komín, and district officials are in vain putting pressure on the city to complete the bridge.

Geography
From the southwestern border, which is defined by the river Svratka and behind which wooded hills rise steeply with the peak of Holedná, the terrain on the left bank of the Komín rises gradually towards the north. The chimney then forms a natural basin bordered by Mniší hora, where the Brno Zoo is located, the southern edge of the Baba nature park, the Medlánky hills natural monument and Palackého vrch (339 m), which is again connected to the Svrateck floodplain at an altitude of approx. 210 m in the south. Inside this basin rises an indistinct ridge in the axis of Chochola (307 m), Panský kopec and the natural monument Netopýrky. Another natural monument is the area of ​​the Medlánky Airfield. In the immediate vicinity of the original village center is the isolated hill Ruský vrch (formerly called Hausperk).

Demographics
As of the 2021 census, the population is 7,984, up 7% from 7,457 in the 2011 census. The population peaked at 8,180 in 1980.

Coat of arms
In the blue field there is a silver winemaker's knife on the left and a silver sickle on the right. Between these tools is a white rose on the axis in the upper half of the shield, which is shown five more times along the border in the lower part of the shield.

Transport
The connection with the city center is provided by the Brno Public Transport Company via tram lines No. 1 (connecting Bystrc and Řečkovice), 3 (connecting Bystrc with Židenice) and 10 (connecting Komín, sometimes also Bystrc with Stránská skála or Líšeň).

The connection to the center is also provided by trolleybus line No. 36, which serves the Komin housing estate. The second Komin trolleybus line No. 30 connects Bystrc with the train station in Královo Pole.

The rest of the city of Komín is also connected by bus lines, circuit nos. 44 and 84, which go to, for example, the Zvonařka bus station, then line 67 going from Jundrov to the Královo Pole shopping park and Avion Shopping Park, school no. 88, serving schools in the vicinity of Bystrc, Komín, Jundrov and Žabovřesky, as well as night lines N89, N92, N93 and N98. The housing estate is served by the N93 line (connecting Komín, the center and Útěchov, and possibly also Vranov).

Education
Komín is home to the Brno Elementary School and Kindergarten, Pastviny 70, Pavel Křížkovský Elementary School of Art and Middle School of Informatics.