Camp Hill line

The Camp Hill line is a railway line in Birmingham between Kings Norton on the Cross-City Line and Birmingham New Street via Grand Junction on the main lines from Derby and Coventry. The line was once the terminal approach of the Birmingham and Gloucester Railway to Curzon Street before it was incorporated into the Midland Railway.

The expansion of the Birmingham West Suburban Railway resulted in its usurping of the line as the service's main line, at which point it became known as the Camp Hill line after its original terminus. Local passenger services on the line ended in the 1940s and the intermediate stations on the line were closed. Since then it has been used primarily by freight trains and some longer-distance passenger trains only.

It is hoped to resume local services on the route by the end of 2024 after a break of nearly 84 years. Expansion of these services via new chords connecting the line to Birmingham Moor Street are currently in the early planning stage.

History
It opened as the northernmost stretch of the Birmingham and Gloucester Railway (B&GR) in December 1840 and ran from Gloucester to a temporary terminus at Camp Hill. The line was extended into Curzon Street – the main station in Birmingham at that time – in August the following year; with the original Camp Hill terminus being split into a smaller passenger station and a goods station, the latter of which remained open until 1966. The B&GR itself was incorporated into the Midland Railway in 1845. The terminus then later switched from Curzon Street to Birmingham New Street station upon its opening in 1854.

In 1861 a junction was constructed at Bordesley, creating a north to south-east connection from the Camp Hill line to the Great Western Railway's mainline to Oxford and London (which remains in use as the Chiltern Main Line), and allows trains from Oxford and beyond to run into Birmingham New Street via the Camp Hill line.

In 1864 a 'direct' line was opened between St Andrews and Landor Street Junctions at the north end of the Camp Hill line, connecting it to the Midland Railway's line to Derby. From this date Midland expresses from Derby to Bristol by-passed New Street, and ran via this route to Camp Hill station, where portions of the train bound for Birmingham New Street would be detached or attached from the train. As both the Midland Railway lines from Derby and Bristol approached New Street from the east, this arrangement avoided the need for them to reverse at New Street and thus save time. This arrangement was unsatisfactory, but it persisted until 1885 when the Midland Railway extended the Birmingham West Suburban Railway (BWSR) into New Street from the west, allowing Derby to Bristol trains to run directly through New Street without reversing and rejoin the B&GR route at Kings Norton railway station. With the BWSR in effect replacing the former B&GR mainline as the express route to Birmingham New Street, the route became known as the Camp Hill line.

In 1892, the Lifford Curve opened, creating a north-facing connection between the Camp Hill line and the Birmingham West Suburban Railway, allowing a circular service to operate from New Street via the Camp Hill line and returning via the BWSR (or vice versa). Local passenger services and all six passenger stations along the Camp Hill line were closed as a wartime rationalisation of the network in 1941 and were confirmed as permanently closed in 1946. All station buildings were subsequently demolished.

Since then the line has been used by freight trains and some longer distance passenger trains only.

Reinstatement of passenger services
The reinstatement of local rail services to the former Camp Hill line has been a long term aspiration of the city, and during 2007, Birmingham City Council announced that they were looking into the possibility of reopening the line between Kings Norton and Birmingham Moor Street via the construction of a railway viaduct from Sparkbrook to Bordesley, where trains would be taken into Birmingham Moor Street station. In October 2007, a 1,500-name petition was handed in to the council asking for the line to be re-opened. In 2013 the proposal was shelved indefinitely. The 2007 proposed station sites were Moseley, Kings Heath, and Hazelwell.

In 2016, the newly created West Midlands Combined Authority revived the plans to restore local passenger services to the line, and declared it one of their priority transport schemes to be delivered by 2025.

In 2017, the newly elected Mayor of the West Midlands, Andy Street, pledged to get work started on restoring services to the line by 2020. Officials were said to be investigating the business case for a fourth station at Balsall Heath (previously called Brighton Road). This would mean Lifford and Camp Hill would be the only stations not to be reopened.

In August 2017, West Midlands Trains announced plans as part of their franchise deal that the line would reopen by December 2019 as part of a £1 billion investment in the West Midlands. This included a new station at Moseley.

In February 2018, Street, said that the viaduct would not immediately be needed to open the line. Hereford to Birmingham New Street trains – currently routed via University Station – would be diverted along the Camp Hill line to serve the three new stations, meaning that extra capacity at Birmingham New Street would not be required. This would also facilitate through train operation toward Shrewsbury.

In September 2018, the designs of the new stations – Kings Heath, Pineapple Road, and Moseley Village – were revealed and were planned for reopening by 2021 with a frequency of two trains per hour. In March 2021 it was announced that funding had been found for the project, with an opening date expected in 2023. In June 2022, West Midlands Rail Executive announced that following on from a public consultation, the three stations would be named Moseley Village, Kings Heath and Pineapple Road. An investigation into the business case for reopening Brighton Road as Balsall Heath railway station has since been awarded funding.

This line was identified by Campaign for Better Transport in 2019 as a priority 1 candidate for reopening.

The reopening has been hit by delays and the West Midlands Combined Authority is now aiming to reopen the line for passenger use by the end of 2024.

Bordesley Chords
In July 2018 the Midlands Rail Hub proposal was unveiled, which included the reopening of Moseley, Kings Heath, and Hazelwell stations, and the building of set of chords (short connecting curves of track) on new viaducts near Bordesley station known as the Bordesley Chords.

Although the new Camp Hill line services will initially run on existing track into New Street, the long-term aim is to divert them into Moor Street via their construction. Currently the Camp Hill line – already extensively connected to the Cross-City Line, Cross Country Route, and WCML – passes over the Chiltern Main Line, and they are only connected by a junction to the east of the crossing. The new chords would be constructed to the north and west of the crossing, known as the 'East Chord' and 'West Chord' respectively, connecting Moor Street to Kings Norton to the southwest and Water Orton to the northeast. The chords would also allow a number of services from East Midlands destinations, such as Derby and Leicester, to be diverted into Moor Street.

In conjunction with the construction of the chords, one of the currently derelict terminus platforms at Moor Street would be reopened (Platform 5) and a new through platform to Snow Hill constructed (Platform 0) in order to accommodate the new services. There is also the potential for a new terminus platform (Platform 6) to be opened and another through platform (Platform −1) added depending on funding and engineering limitations.

Furthermore, construction of the chords would necessitate the closure and demolition of the semi-operational Bordesley station. There is an option to relocate Bordesley station either east or west of its current location as part of the chords' construction. Rerouting of the up/down Snow Hill lines between Moor Street and the chords would also be required.