Canini (tribe)

Canini is a taxonomic rank which represents the dog-like tribe of the subfamily Caninae (the canines), and is sister to the fox-like tribe Vulpini. The Canini came into existence 9 million years ago. This group was first represented by Eucyon, mostly by Eucyon davisi that was spread widely across North America and is basal to the other members of the tribe. Its members are informally known as true dogs.

Taxonomy
"The critical features that mark the Canini as a monophyletic group include the consistent enlargement of the frontal sinus, often accompanied by the correlated loss of the depression in the dorsal surface of the postorbital process; the posterior expansion of the paroccipital process; the enlargement of the mastoid process; and the lack of lateral flare of the orbital border of the zygoma."

- Richard H. Tedford

Members of this tribe include:
 * {| class="wikitable collapsible" style="text-align:center;"

! Subtribe ! Description ! Image ! Genus ! Species !rowspan="7" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccccff;"| Canina Waldheim, 1817 !rowspan="7" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccccff;"| The wolf-like canines. (Merriam, 1918) !rowspan="9" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccffcc;"| Cerdocyonina (Tedford, et al., 2009) !rowspan="9" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccffcc;"| The South American, fox-shaped canines.
 * Arctic Wolf in Montebello, Québec, Canada.jpg
 * Canis (Linnaeus, 1758)
 * style="text-align:left;"|
 * domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris)
 * grey wolf (Canis lupus)
 * red wolf (Canis rufus)
 * eastern wolf (Canis lycaon)
 * coyote (Canis latrans)
 * golden jackal (Canis aureus)
 * African wolf (Canis anthus)
 * Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis)
 * Dhole (Asiatic wild dog) cropped.jpg
 * Cuon (Hodgson, 1838)
 * style="text-align:left;"|
 * dhole (Cuon alpinus)
 * Black-backed jackal (Canis mesomelas mesomelas) 2.jpg
 * Lupulella (Hilzheimer, 1906)
 * style="text-align:left;"|
 * Side-striped jackal (Lupulella adusta Sundevall, 1847)
 * Black-backed jackal (Lupulella mesomelas Schreber, 1775)
 * Lycaon pictus (Temminck, 1820).jpg
 * Lycaon Brookes, 1827
 * style="text-align:left;"|
 * African wild dog (Lycaon pictus Temminck, 1820))
 * Lycaon sekowei Hartstone-Rose et al., 2010
 * Cynotherium sardous restoration.jpg
 * Cynotherium (Studiati, 1857)
 * style="text-align:left;"|
 * Sardinian dhole (Cynotherium sardous)
 * Eucyon davisi.JPG
 * Eucyon (Tedford & Qiu, 1996)
 * style="text-align:left;"|
 * Eucyon davisi
 * [[File:The American Museum journal (c1900-(1918)) (Aenocyon dirus) transparent background.png|frameless|153x153px]]
 * Aenocyon
 * Eucyon (Tedford & Qiu, 1996)
 * style="text-align:left;"|
 * Eucyon davisi
 * [[File:The American Museum journal (c1900-(1918)) (Aenocyon dirus) transparent background.png|frameless|153x153px]]
 * Aenocyon
 * Aenocyon
 * style="text-align:left;"|
 * Dire wolf (Aenocyon dirus)
 * Bush dog at Chester Zoo 1.jpg
 * Speothos (Lund, 1839)
 * style="text-align:left;"|
 * bush dog (Speothos venaticus)
 * Speothos pacivorus
 * Atelocynus microtis en amazonie péruvienne.jpg
 * Atelocynus (Cabrera, 1940)
 * style="text-align:left;"|
 * short-eared dog (Atelocynus microtis)
 * Lobo Guará andando.jpg
 * Chrysocyon (C.E.H. Smith, 1839)
 * style="text-align:left;"|
 * maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)
 * Falkland Island wolf, Dusicyon australis OMNZVT2369 !1pub (cropped).jpg
 * Dusicyon (C.E.H. Smith, 1839)
 * style="text-align:left;"|
 * Dusicyon australis
 * Dusicyon avus
 * Dusicyon cultridens
 * Culpeo MC.jpg
 * Lycalopex (Burmeister 1854)
 * style="text-align:left;"|
 * Culpeo or Andean fox, Lycalopex culpaeus
 * Darwin's fox, Lycalopex fulvipes
 * South American gray fox, Lycalopex griseus
 * Pampas fox, Lycalopex gymnocercus
 * Sechuran fox, Lycalopex sechurae
 * Hoary fox, Lycalopex vetulus
 * Crab-eating Fox.JPG
 * Cerdocyon (C.E.H. Smith, 1839)
 * style="text-align:left;"|
 * crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous)
 * Protocyon (Giebel 1855)
 * style="text-align:left;"|
 * P. orcesi Hoffstetter 1952
 * P. tarijensis Ameghino 1902
 * P. troglodytes Lund 1838, type
 * Theriodictis (Mercerat, 1891)
 * style="text-align:left;"|
 * Theriodictis platensis
 * }
 * P. orcesi Hoffstetter 1952
 * P. tarijensis Ameghino 1902
 * P. troglodytes Lund 1838, type
 * Theriodictis (Mercerat, 1891)
 * style="text-align:left;"|
 * Theriodictis platensis
 * }
 * Theriodictis platensis
 * }

Common names of most of the South American canines include "fox", based on resemblance, but they are more closely related to wolves than to vulpini, the Eurasian and North American foxes.

The cladogram below is based on the phylogeny of Lindblad-Toh et al. (2005), modified to incorporate recent findings on Canis species, Lycalopex species, and Dusicyon.