Carolina Michaëlis de Vasconcelos

Carolina Michaëlis de Vasconcelos, born Karoline Michaelis (15 March 1851 – 18 November 1925) was a German-Portuguese romanist.

Early life, education and private life
Michaelis was born in Berlin as the last of five children of Gustav Michaelis, a mathematics teacher.

In 1876 she married Joaquim António da Fonseca Vasconcelos, founder of Portuguese art history writing.

Academic career
In 1911, she became the first female professor in Romance studies and German studies, at the Faculdade de Letras at the university of Lisbon. She was one of the first women in Portugal who were concerned with women's subordinate status and in particular about improving the educational opportunities for Women in Portugal together with Francisca Wood, Maria Carvalho, Alice Pestana, Alice Moderno, Angelina Vidal, Antónia Pusich and Guiomar Torrezão.

Death, honours and commemoration
Michaëlis de Vasconcelos died in Porto in November 1925.

Several schools and streets have been named in her honour in both Portugal and Germany.

The Porto Metro station Carolina Michaelis is on lines A, B, C, E, or F.

In 2001 Portugal issued a postage stamp to commemorate her 150th anniversary.

Works

 * Poesias de Sá de Miranda, (Poetry of Sá de Miranda), 1885
 * História da Literatura Portuguesa, (History of Portuguese Literature), 1897
 * A Infanta D. Maria de Portugal e as suas Damas (1521-1577), (The Infanta Maria of Portugal and her Ladies), 1902
 * Cancioneiro da Ajuda (2 volumes), (Poetry Anthology of Ajuda) 1904
 * Dicionário Etimológico das Línguas Hispânicas, (Etymological Dictionary of Hispanic Languages)
 * Estudos sobre o Romanceiro Peninsular: Romances Velhos em Portugal, (Studies on the Peninsular Romanceiro: Old Romances in Portugal)
 * As Cem Melhores Poesias Líricas da Língua Portuguesa, (The Hundred Best Lyric Poems of the Portuguese Language ), 1914
 * A Saudade Portuguesa, (The Portuguese Nostalgia/Melancholy), 1914
 * Notas Vicentinas: Preliminares de uma Edição Crítica das Obras de Gil Vicente, (Vincentian Notes: Preliminaries of a Critical Edition of the Works of Gil Vicente), 1920-1922
 * Autos Portugueses de Gil Vicente y de la Escuela Vicentina, 1922
 * Mil Provérbios Portugueses (A Thousand Portuguese Proverbs)