Chaka (album)

Chaka is the debut solo album by American singer Chaka Khan. It was released on October 12, 1978 through Warner Bros. Records. Following the release of the Chaka album, Khan reunited with Rufus for the recording of 1979's Masterjam, produced by Quincy Jones. Her second solo album Naughty followed in 1980.

Promotion
Two singles were released from Chaka, the first being her anthemic solo debut "I'm Every Woman," which would become one of Khan's signature tunes alongside "Ain't Nobody" (1983) and "I Feel For You" (1984). The song has over the past three decades been re-released, remixed and covered a number of times, most notably by Whitney Houston in 1992 for the soundtrack album The Bodyguard, then featuring guest vocals by Khan herself and topping Billboard's Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart. A remix of Khan's original recording was also a Top Ten hit in the U.K. in 1989. The remix was included on the compilation Life is a Dance - The Remix Project, the title track of which was the second single release from the Chaka album in early 1979 (US R&B #40). The album also features the ballad "Roll Me Through The Rushes", never commercially released as a single but still receiving considerable airplay in 1979, as well as Khan's cover version of Stevie Wonder's "I Was Made To Love Her", re-titled "I Was Made to Love Him".

Critical reception
AllMusic editor Andy Kellman called the album "a near-total break from Rufus." He found that although "I'm Every Woman" "overshadows everything else on Chaka, the album is full of outstanding performances and a broad range of strong material pulled together by Arif Mardin. It's a near-total break from Rufus. The only connections are Tony Maiden's guitar solo on a gender-switched cover of Stevie Wonder's "I Was Made to Love Her" and writing input from a few Rufus collaborators." Robert Christgau wrote that "Mardin and the usual En Why studio funkies lay down a heavier bottom for Ms. Rufus than her El Lay street bottom for Ms. Rufus than her El Lay street players have in years. She's expressing herself by looking for songs, too, but while every one gives her something to say, only Ashford & Simpson's "I'm Every Woman" is up to her human potential."

Commercial performance
Chaka debuted at number 111 on the US Billboard 200 in the week of November 4, 1978 and eventually peaked at number 12 on December 16, 1978. It was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on November 14, 1978.

Personnel
Performers and musicians


 * Jonathan Abramowitz – strings
 * Susan Allen – strings
 * Julien Barber – strings
 * George Benson – lead vocalist
 * Gene Bianco – harp, strings
 * Ken Bichel – synthesizer (S.R.M.) (tracks 4, 6, 8)
 * Richard Bock – cello, strings
 * Phil Bodner – flutes
 * Michael Brecker – tenor saxophone (tracks 2, 5, 6)
 * Randy Brecker – flugelhorn, trumpet (tracks 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
 * Frederick Buldrini — strings
 * Jim Buffington – French horn (tracks 3, 4)
 * John Clark – French horn (tracks 7, 8, 9)
 * Raphael Cruz – congas
 * Ronnie Cuber – baritone saxophone (tracks 2, 5, 6)
 * Eddie Daniels – flutes
 * Cornell Dupree – guitar
 * Paul Faulise – bass trombone
 * Steve Ferrone – drums
 * Sammy Figueroa – percussion
 * Terri Gonzalez – backing vocalist
 * Alan Gorrie – backing vocalist
 * Cissy Houston – backing vocalist
 * Regis Iandiorio – strings
 * Theodore Israel – strings
 * Anthony Jackson – bass (tracks 2, 4, 10)
 * Arthur Jenkins – eletric piano
 * Andrew Kastner – guitar
 * Chaka Khan – lead vocals, backing vocals
 * Harold Kohon – strings
 * David Lasley – backing vocalist
 * Will Lee – backing vocalist, bass guitar (tracks 1, 3, 5)
 * Jesse Levy – cello, strings
 * Guy Lumia – strings
 * Tony Maiden – guitar
 * Joe Malin – strings
 * George Marge – alte flute, strings
 * Rick Marotta – drums
 * Onnie McIntyre – guitar
 * Marvin Morgenstern – strings
 * Kermit Moore – cello, strings
 * Airto Moreira – guitar
 * Gene Orloff – concertmaster
 * Leon Pendarvis – eletric piano
 * Barry Rogers – trombone (tracks 2, 5, 6)
 * David Sanborn – alto saxophone
 * Richard Sortomme – strings
 * Mark Stevens – backing vocalist, bass
 * Hamish Stuart – backing vocalist
 * Hamish Stuart – backing vocalist, guitar (tracks 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10)
 * Mitsue Takayama – strings
 * Richard Tee – clavinet, piano (tracks 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10)
 * Brooks Tillotson – French horn (tracks 3, 4, 7, 8, 9)
 * Phil Upchurch – guitar (tracks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10)
 * Luther Vandross – backing vocalist
 * Pat Winter – strings
 * George Young – alto saxophone (tracks 2, 5, 6)

Technical


 * Arif Mardin – producer, arranger, brass, strings, woodwind
 * Chaka Khan – musical arranger (track 5)
 * James Douglass – sound engineer
 * Bill Dooley – assistant sound engineer
 * Michael O'Reilly – assistant sound engineer
 * Randy Mason – assistant sound engineer
 * Sheridan Eldridge – assistant sound engineer
 * Anthony D'Amico – assistant sound engineer
 * Lew Hahn – additional recording engineer, remix
 * Gene Paul – additional recording engineer