Che (Persian letter)

Che or cheem is a letter of the Persian alphabet, used to represent, and which derives from   by the addition of two dots. It is found with this value in other Arabic-derived scripts. It is used in Persian, Urdu, Pashto, Kurdish, Kashmiri, Azerbaijani, Ottoman Turkish, Malay (Jawi), Java (Pegon), and other Iranian languages. Modern Standard Arabic lacks this letter as there is no romanization of the letter C in Arabic.

In Arabic


The letter can be used to transcribe  of Persian Gulf: Gulf Arabic and Iraqi Arabic, where they have that sound natively. In these countries and the rest of Arabic-speaking geographic regions, the combination of  is more likely used to transliterate the  sound which is often realized as two consonants (+) elsewhere; this letter combination is used for loanwords and foreign names, including those of Spanish origin in Moroccan Arabic. (In the case of Moroccan Arabic, the letter is used instead to transliterate the Spanish  sound; this letter derives from šīn  with an additional three dots below.)

In Egypt, this letter represents, which can be a reduction of , It is called  (جيم بتلات نقط "Gīm with three dots") there. The pronunciation is also proposed for South Arabian minority languages, like Mehri and Soqotri.

In Israel, where official announcements are often trilingual, this letter is used as the letter gīm on roadsigns to represent, when transcribing Hebrew or foreign names of places, since Palestinian Arabic does not have a in its phonemic inventory. It has also been used as in Lebanon for transliteration such as "چامبيا" (Gambia)