Chittoor

Chittoor is a city and district headquarters in Chittoor district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is also the mandal and divisional headquarters of Chittoor mandal and Chittoor revenue division respectively. The city has a population of 153,756 and that of the agglomeration is 175,647.

History
After Indian independence in 1947, Chittoor became a part of the erstwhile Madras State. The modern Chittoor district was formerly North Arcot district, which was established by the British in the 19th century and had Chittoor as its headquarters. On 1 April 1911, the district was split into two - Chittoor district and North Arcot district.

Pre-history
The district abounds in several pre-historic sites. The surface finds discovered are assigned to special stages in the progress of civilization. Paleolithic tools were discovered at Tirupathi, Sitarampeta, Ellampalle, Mekalavandlapalle and Piler. Mesolithic tools were discovered at Chinthaparthi, Moratavandlapalle, Aruvandlapalle and Tirupathi.Remains of Neolithic and ancient tools were unearthed near Bangarupalem. The existence of megalithic culture was revealed by the discovery of graves at Irulabanda, Bapanatham, Valimikipuram (Vayalpadu), Sodum, Velkuru, Nyakaneri and Basinikonda.

Political history
The political history of the district commences with the Mauryas in the 4th century BC. The district of Chittoor was not a homogeneous administrative unit up to 1911. Its component parts were under the control of various principal dynasties at different periods of times, namely, the Mauryas, Satavahanas, Pallavas, Chalukyas of Badami, Rashtrakutas, Cholas, Pandyas, Kakatiyas, Hoysalas, Royal of Vijayanagara, Qutub Shahis, Mughals, Asof Jahis, Marathas, Hyder Ali and Tipu of Mysore, and the British, besides dynasties such as Cholas, Banas, Vaidumbas, Nolambas, Western Gangas, Yadavas, Matlis, Uttama Chola, Andiyaman, Siyaganga rulers, Nawabs of Kadapa and Arcot. The zamindars of Karvetinagar, Srikalahasthi, Punganur and Kangundhi also ruled over this district.

Geography
Chittoor city lies on the banks of Neeva River at the southernmost part of Andhra Pradesh state. It is located on the NH 69 and NH 40 linking major metropolitan cities of Bangalore and Chennai.

It is located between the northern latitudes of 37" and 14°8" and between the eastern longitudes 78°33" and 79°55". It is bounded on the east by Tirupati district of Andhra Pradesh, on the south by Krishnagiri District, Vellore, Tiruvallur,Thirupattur districts of Tamil Nadu, on the west by Kolar district of Karnataka, and on the north by Annamayya district of Andhra Pradesh. In respect of area it takes the eighth place with an area of 15,150 square kilometers which accounts for 5.51 percent of the total area of the state. The general elevation of the mountainous part of the district is 2500 feet above sea level. Chennai & Bangalore cities are located in 150 km. and 165 km. respectively from Chittoor Town. Vellore is the nearest city and twin city located 30 kms across the border with Tamil Nadu.

Demographics
Telugu is the official and widely spoken language. Chittoor has a population of 212,816 and has a sex ratio of 1002 females per 1000 males compared to the state average of 992 females, as of 2011 census. The literacy rate of the city is 90.60%. Chittoor was upgraded as municipal corporation in 2011. And also a large minority of Tamil people live here.

Governance
Chittoor Municipal Corporation is the civic administrative body of the city. It was constituted as a Grade–III municipality in the year 1917. It was upgraded to Grade–II in 1950, Grade–I in 1965, Special Grade in 1980 and Selection Grade in 2000. On 7 July 2012, it was upgraded to municipal corporation by merging 14 gram panchayats into the corporation and is spread over an area of 69.75 km2.

Economy
Chittoor is the district headquarters and houses many district level government institutions.

Chittoor is predominantly an agro-market place and a major market for mango, grain, sugarcane, and peanut. Other industries include oilseed, poultry and milk. Tomato farming contributing over 20% of the State's production. Ground nut is the most major commercial crop in the district followed by sugarcane and the major horticulture crop of mangoes. 2nd largest milk-producing district with its expansive dairy industries. In the field of dairy, the district stood first in the state. The district is famous also for textile industries like that of silk with 13,000 power looms providing employment 40,000 workers. Granite industry famous for its black, pink and grey granites.

Landmarks
The Swayambu Varasidhi Vinayakaswamy temple at Kanipakam is a famous Hindu temple near the city. Ardhagiri Anjaneyaswamy temple at Aragonda is another notable landmark near the city.

Education
The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools of the School Education Department of the state. The medium of instruction followed by different schools are English and Telugu.

Engineering colleges: Medical colleges: Others:
 * SITAMS: Sreenivasa Institute of Technology and Management Studies
 * Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering Technology, Chittoor
 * VEMU : Vemu Institute of Technology
 * Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research
 * P.E.S. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research
 * KKC Homoeopathic Medical College
 * P. V. K. N. Government College.

Transport
Roadways The city is well connected to major cities through national and state highways. The National Highways through Chittoor City are, National Highway 40 (India) connecting Chittoor with Kadapa and Kurnool on North and connecting Vellore and Chennai on South National Highway 69 (India) connecting Chittoor with Kolar and Bangalore on West National Highway 140 (India) connecting Chittoor with Tirupati and Nellore on East. The city has total road length of 382.30 km.

Public transport

The Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation operates bus services from Chittoor bus station. Bus services are operated to Kuppam, Kanipakam, Tirupati, Madanapalle, Punganur, Palamaner, Piler, Puttur, Srikalahasti, Nellore, Vellore, Tiruvannamalai, Salem, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Puducherry, Kolar, Bangalore, Mysore, Kurnool, Kadapa, Anantapur, Hyderabad, Hanumakonda, Warangal, Visakhapatnam, Rajamahendravaram, Kakinada, Vijayawada, Guntur, Tenali, Ongole Amaravati and also to all other major towns and cities in the Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Puducherry and Telangana states.

Railways Chittoor railway station is a National railway station in Chittoor city of Andhra Pradesh. It lies on Gudur–Katpadi branch line section and is administered under Guntakal railway division of South Central Railway zone. Nearest major railway junction is Katpadi Junction railway station Tamil Nadu. Just 30 km South from Chittoor city. There are direct trains daily from Chittoor to Vijayawada, Kakinada, Rajamahendravaram, Guntur, Tenali, Visakhapatnam, Kacheguda (Hyderabad), Bengaluru, Mysuru, Thiruvananthapuram, New Delhi to Kanyakumari HimSagar Express and weekly/biweekly/triweekly trains connect Chittoor with Mannargudi, Jammu, Katra, Tirunelveli, Mangalore, Ernakulam, Visakhapatnam, Rajamahendravaram, Hatia Ranchi, Santragachi (Kolkata) and Jayanthi Janata Express, etc. which run through Chittoor.

Airports

The nearest airports are:

1) Tirupati Airport at Renigunta in Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, is about 80 kms North. IATA:TIR is at par with other major cities, but flights are operated in a limited fashion.

2) Chennai International Airport. IATA:MAA at Chennai is about 150 kms East

3) Kempegowda International Airport. IATA:BLR at Bangalore is about 185 Kms West

4) Kuppam Airport.

The Infrastructure Corporation of Andhra Pradesh Limited (INCAP) will build Kuppam Airport at Shantipuram Mandal at an estimated cost of Rs 100 crore.

Politics
Chittoor city spreads over Chittoor assembly (Majority), Puthalapattu assembly (partially) and Gangadhara Nellore assembly (partially) constituencies in Andhra Pradesh. Chittoor is part of Chittoor (Lok Sabha constituency).

Chittoor Assembly Constituency

 * |Year| |Assembly Constituency|  |Winner Candidates Name|     |Party|     |Votes|	   |Runner UP|	              |Party|     |Votes|
 * 2019  ---   Chittoor	 ---   	    Jangalapalli Srinivasulu   ---   YSRC  ---  91206 ---  A.S. Manohar            --- TDP   ---    51238
 * 2014	 ---  Chittoor	 ---        D. A. Sathya Prabha        ---   TDP   --- 	73430 --- Jangalapalli Srinivasulu --- YSRC  ---    66631
 * 2009	 ---  Chittoor	 ---        C.K.Jayachandra Reddy      ---   INC   --- 	46094 --- Jangalapalli Srinivasulu --- PRP   ---    44384
 * 2004	 ---  Chittoor	 ---        A.S. Manohar               ---   TDP   --- 	58788 --- C.K. Jayachandra Reddy   --- IND   ---    54900
 * 1999	 ---  Chittoor	 ---        C.K.Jayachandra Reddy      ---   INC   --- 	62999 --- A.S.Manohar	           --- TDP   ---    48702
 * 1994	 ---  Chittoor	 ---        C.K. Jayachandra Reddy     ---   INC   --- 	46709 --- A.S. Manohar	           --- TDP   ---    44623
 * 1989	 ---  Chittoor	 ---        C.K. Jayachandra Reddy     ---   IND   --- 	44972 --- C. Hari Prasad	   --- TDP   ---    26986
 * 1985	 ---  Chittoor	 ---        R. Gopinathan	       ---   INC   ---	45081 --- Rajasimhulu	           --- TDP   ---    36439
 * 1983	 ---  Chittoor	 ---        Jhansi Laxmi	       ---   IND   ---	49127 --- N.P.Venkateswara Choudary--- INC   ---    32693
 * 1978	 ---  Chittoor	 ---        N.P.Venkateswara Choudary  ---   JNP   ---	29941 --- C.V.L. Narayana	   --- INC(I)---    21139
 * 1972	 ---  Chittoor	 ---        D. Aanjineyulu Naidu       ---   INC   ---	32607 --- K. M. Erriah	           --- DMK   ---    14324
 * 1967	 ---  Chittoor	 ---        D. Aanjineyulu Naidu       ---   INC   ---	32559 --- P. V. Naidu	           --- SWA   ---    20979
 * 1962	 ---  Chittoor	 ---        C. D. Naidu	               ---   SWA   ---	35256 --- P. Chinnama Reddy	   --- INC   ---    13301
 * 1955	 ---  Chittoor	 ---        P. Chinnama Reddy	       ---   INC   ---	17397 --- C.V. Srinivasa Modhaliar --- IND   ---    10456

Notable people

 * N. Chandrababu Naidu –Chief Minister, Chief of TDP
 * Mohan Babu – Actor
 * Nallari Kiran Kumar Reddy – Ex Chief Minister
 * Talari Manohar – Member of Parliament, Member of Legislative Assembly.
 * V. Nagayya – actor
 * D. K. Adikesavulu Naidu – Ex MP, Ex Chairman TTD, Founder Vydehi Hospitals, Liquor Baron
 * Chittoor Subramaniam Pillai – Carnatic musician
 * Madhurantakam Rajaram – writer, Sahitya Akademi awardee
 * Cattamanchi Ramalinga Reddy – educationist and political thinker, essayist and economist, poet and literary critic.
 * Dr. Kesava Reddy – Novelist
 * Prathap C. Reddy – founder and chairman of the Apollo group of hospitals
 * P. Chinnamma Reddy was a prominent politician in the Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh, India until the 1960s.