Chol (Bible)

Chol (חוֹל ḥōl), in most passages of the Hebrew Bible, is a word for sand.

The Leningrad Codex reads:"’omar ‘im-qinni ’egva‘; vekhachol, ’arbeh yamim."

In the Greek Septuagint (circa 200 BCE), the translators used the Ancient Greek expression στέλεχος φοίνικος (stélechos phoínikos, "stem/trunk of a palm tree") when they reached the Hebrew chol in Job 29. Similarly, the Latin Vulgate (circa 400 CE), uses palma (Latin for "palm tree").

A number of English translations use the term "phoenix" in this verse, while the King James Version and the German language Luther Bible use "Sand".

In the New Revised Standard Version this reads: "Then I thought, ‘I shall die in my nest,  and I shall multiply my days like the phoenix;"

Modern scholars have differed in their understanding of Job 29:18. Roelof Van den Broek (1971) believed that "sand" was the most appropriate interpretation in this verse, following the usage in other verses. On his interpretation, "multiply my days like the sand" would be a metaphor for a long life. On the other hand, Mitchell Dahood (1974) argued in favor of the interpretation "phoenix" on the basis of parallels between Job and Ugaritic texts.

The understanding of chol as a phoenix-like bird has resulted in an amount of discourse on the topic.