Chronology of Aliyah in modern times

Until the period of the First Aliyah

 * In 1561, Tiberias was reestablished. During the same year Gracia Mendes Nasi and Joseph Nasi established in addition to Tiberias seven more Jewish villages.
 * At the start of the 19th century, a group of students of the Vilna Gaon immigrated to the land of Israel and renewed the Jewish settlement in Safed and surrounding area, and reinforced the Jewish settlement in Jerusalem and Hebron.
 * In 1860 Jewish neighborhoods were first established outside of the walls of the Old City of Jerusalem.
 * In 1870, the first Jewish agricultural school, Mikveh Israel was established.

In addition to Jewish immigrants, others immigrated to land of Israel as well. In 1867, with the conclusion of the construction of the Suez Canal, many of the Egyptian workers could not to return to their homes in Egypt, which had been occupied by their brothers during their absence, and many of them settled in the land of Israel. In 1857, the Ottoman authorities encouraged people from all over the world to come and inhabit the land. American colonists, German Templers, and Algerian refugees (who fled a coup) answered the call. Amongst them was the al-Husayni clan, the family of Mohammad Amin al-Husayni. During the same period Chechen and Bosnian immigrants also immigrated to the country.