Coca Cola Incident (Tamkang Incident)

Coca Cola Incident  is the term that surfaced in December 1976 in Taiwan after a performance against loss of identity. It occurred on the campus of Tamkang University, then known as the Tamkang College of Arts and Sciences, in Tamsui, a small port city in Northern Taiwan.

On December 3, 1976, a “Western folk concert” (Xiyang minyao yanchang hui 西洋民謠演唱會)  presenting folk songs in English, sung by  singers from Taiwan, took place. It had been organized formally by the Student Activity Center of Tamkang College. But the faculty of languages and literature members Lee Yuan-chen (李元貞), Liang Jingfeng (梁景峰), Wang Jinping (scholar and activist) (王津平) and their friend, Lee Shuang-tze (李雙澤) had been the driving force.

The concert started normally with English-language folk songs. Xu Zhiyuan (許志源) notes that “the prestigious Tao Hsiao-ching (陶曉清)” was “in charge” as MC. Chair. )

The blues poet, Hu Defu (胡德夫), had been scheduled as one of the singers, could not perform because of an injury due to a fight the day before. Lee then step in to perform for him. When Li got on stage, he was holding a Coca Cola bottle in his hand and loudly addressed the audience. "I went to the United States, and I went to Spain; young people around the world are drinking Coca-Cola and are singing songs that are in English,” he said, according to one report. These are the words reported by Xiao-Wen Ding. (Source: 丁曉雯 Ding Xiaowen), “Women de yinyue ke: Yingxiang Taiwan 80's hou de yinyue chuangzuo li (shu zhai-2)” (我們的音樂課：影響台灣80’s後的音樂創作力（書摘-2）/ Our music lessons: the impact of musical creativity in the 1980s (summary; 2)),”  in:  China Times 中國時報 Zhōngguó shíbào (Chinese edition), May 31, 2012.) -  Xu Zhiyuan reports the initial words of Lee Shuang-tze in great detail, then omits the vital words “Let's sing our own songs” that are reported by several sources, and then mentions titles of songs sung by Lee. This is how Lee started to challenge the singers of Western songs and the MC: Lee Shuang-tze: To return from abroad to our land is really gratifying, but I still drink Coke ...... (Turning to the first singer) You as a Chinese are singing foreign songs, how does that taste? The first singer: The song has a good melody; Chinese songs, quite apart from the national anthem, are also sung. Lee: Because we have you, Miss Tao as MC, please answer this question today. She presided over the program for ten years and will be able to give us a satisfactory answer. Tao: Today I'm hosting the show, but I did not expect to take a test! Not that we do not sing our own songs -  but, please tell me,  where are modern Chinese folk songs? Lee: Huang Chunming has said in his "Xiangtu zuqu 《鄉土組曲》[Native Suite]": "Whether we were capable of it or not, we wrote our own songs. Our predecessors would only sing their own songs if they would still continue to sing. We can write our own songs today." Tao: Then we invite you to sing for us the first song! - Then Lee Shuang-tze sang the Taiwan folk songs “Bu po wang 補破網 Repair the net,” “Heng chunzhi ge 恆春之歌 Constant Spring Song,” “Yuye hua  雨夜花 Flower of A Rainy Night” and  the song called “Guofu jinian ge 國父紀念歌 Sun Yat-sen Memorial Song.” (See: Xu Zhiyuan, Cong xiaoyuan minge kan qi ling niandai de Taiwan shehui (從校園民歌看七○年代的台灣社會 / Seeing Taiwan society of the 70s through campus folk music?),research article, also online on the Nanhua University website:  . - Xu Zhiyuan quotes the conversation from: Zhang Zhaowei(張釗維), Shui  zai na bian chang ziji de ge. Taiwan xiandai minge fazhan yundong shi (誰在那邊唱自己的歌：台灣現代民歌發展運動史 / Who, on that fringe, are singing their own songs? A history of the development of Taiwan's modern folk song movement), Taipei（滾石文化）2003, p.122. And then he added, “May I ask you where our own songs are?" And ended by shouting, “Why don't you sing your own songs? Let's sing our own songs!” Uttering these words, he smashed the Coke bottle – something that everyone clearly understood as a symbolic gesture of protest.

Then he began to sing the folk song “Bu po wang" (补破网, Borderless Realm, also known as Fixing A Fishing Net or Repair the net – a metaphoric allusion to the net torn apart between China and Taiwan), continuing with the "Sun Yat-sen Memorial Song" and a number of Taiwanese folk songs. It aroused the audience in an enthusiastic “uproar”, but on that evening, there was also those who did not agree and who booed. The symbolic meaning of smashing a Coke bottle and the significance of the song sung right after this Coca Cola bottle was smashed, was well understood by the KMT-controlled media. They hit back immediately, creating the terms Coca Cola Incident and Tamkang Incident for what had just happened on the Tamkang campus. It was clear that they wanted to intimidate Li Shuangze and those who had dared to applaud his act of protest.

The result of this media campaign was unforeseen by them. They made Lee's protest known island-wide. And thus, the Coca Cola “incident ... at the concert in Tamkang University inspired a lot of students, and in this way the slogan 'sing songs in our own language' was introduced.”  It turned into the Let's Sing Our Own Songs Movement, and young people began to write their own songs in their own language. But it was not only the desire to sing folk songs in native dialects languages, thus above all in Taiwanese and Hakka, as well as in standard Chinese that was strengthened. The allusive songs that were sung began also to express a spirit of defiance and opposition to the dictatorial KMT regime. Thus, with the spirit of identity that was strengthened, both Taiwan Nativist Literature and the pro-democracy Tangwai movement received a boost.

Today, a memorial to Lee Shuang-tze has been erected officially on the Tamkang Campus in Tamshui.