Cockayne Hatley

Cockayne Hatley is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Wrestlingworth and Cockayne Hatley, in the Central Bedfordshire district of the ceremonial county of Bedfordshire, England, 13 mi east of the county town of Bedford. The population in 2007 was approximately 75 with 33 houses.

Etymology
The Cockayne part of the name comes from the surname of the Cokayne family, who took possession of the land in 1417.

Geography
Cockayne Hatley lies just over 1 mi north of Wrestlingworth, 3 mi east of Potton, 6 mi north-east of Biggleswade and 13 mi south-west of Cambridge.

Landscape

Natural England has designated the area as part of The Bedfordshire and Cambridgeshire Claylands (NCA 88). Central Bedfordshire Council has classified the landscape as Cockayne Hatley Clay Farmland (1C). Characteristics are gentle rolling slopes rising to the low plateau of Cockayne Hatley Wood, from which there are panoramic views to the south-east of large geometric fields bounded by hedgerows.

Elevation

The village centre is 61 m above sea level. The land rises to 91 m in Cockayne Hatley Wood.

Geology and soil type

The village lies on boulder clay over gault. The surrounding farmland of 587 hectares belongs to a Danish family and is contract farmed by W.J. Kendall & Sons of Eyeworth, run by Peter Kendall, the former president of the National Farmers' Union, and his brother Richard. The lime-rich loamy and clayey soil is highly fertile but with slightly impeded drainage. The chief crops are wheat, oil seed rape, beans and peas.

History
In 1961 the parish had a population of 122.

Cockayne Hatley Hall
Cockayne Hatley Hall, once known as Cockayne Hatley Mansion, was originally established by Sir John Cockayne in the 15th century. The Hall has been added to and rebuilt many times. The main parts of the present building are early Victorian with the East wing dating back to the reign of George I. There is still a single wall and fireplace dating back to Tudor times.

The Cockayne family continued to reside at the Hall until the late 1860s. From 1894 to 1897 the Hall was rented by part of the "Old Family Line", the Duke of Rutland. His daughter, Lady Diana Manners, lived there as a young girl before going on to earn the widespread reputation as the most beautiful young woman in England, and appeared in countless profiles, photographs and articles in newspapers and magazines including the front page of Time magazine in February 1926. In 1929 Mr John Whitehead purchased the estate and established the largest apple orchard in England with over one million Cox's Orange Pippin trees. They were dug up and burned as uneconomic in 1974.

A fire destroyed much of the south facing building in 1931. Although repaired, many of the grand rooms and architecture were lost. Mr Whitehead left the Hall shortly after the war selling the whole estate to the Co-op Farming group. Much of the property subsequently fell into disrepair before the Hall, together with some of the surrounding land, was sold back to private ownership. Now greatly restored, the Hall and the adjacent Church of John the Baptist reflect the affluence of its history.

Crinkle crankle wall
Forming a boundary of the Hall with Home Farm is a grade II listed, late 18th century crinkle crankle wall; the only known example in Bedfordshire. The 2 m high and 60 m long angular wall consists of ten zigzags of red brick laid in Flemish bond, with plain brick coping.

Governance
On 1 April 1985 the civil parishes of Cockayne Hatley and Wrestlingworth were merged to form "Wrestlingworth and Cockayne Hatley" civil parish. The Parish Council has seven elected members and meets bi-monthly at the Memorial Hall, Wrestlingworth. Cockayne Hatley is part of Potton ward for elections to the Central Bedfordshire unitary authority area.

Prior to 1894, Cockayne Hatley was administered as part of the Hundred of Biggleswade. From 1894 until 1974 the village was in Biggleswade Rural District and from 1974 to 2009 in Mid Bedfordshire District.

Public transport
There is a limited bus service from the village to Wrestlingworth and Potton. The nearest railway stations are Biggleswade and Sandy.

St John's Church
The Church of St John the Baptist is situated at the gates of an ancient hall and dates to the thirteenth century. It contains numerous high quality works of carved wood and stained glass, mostly from the abbey of Alne near Charleroi. Dating from 1689, these works were acquired from Flanders following the Napoleonic wars by the Rev. Henry Cockayne Cust, parish rector from 1806 to 1861.

The entry for Cockayne Hatley in the 1839 edition of Pigot's Directory of Bedfordshire states: "the painted windows, the oaken screens and the stalls . . . impart to this incomparable country church the similitude to a cathedral in miniature".

The churchyard contains a handsome monument over the grave of the poet W. E. Henley, who was a frequent visitor to Cockayne Hatley Hall. Henley is now chiefly remembered as the author of the poem "Invictus". Henley, who had a wooden leg, was Robert Louis Stevenson's model for Long John Silver. Henley was also a friend of J. M. Barrie, the author of Peter Pan. Henley used to address Barrie as "friend", which Henley's only daughter, Margaret (1888–1894), who is also buried there along with her parents, mispronounced as "fwend" and changed in a childish way to "fwendy-wendy". The latter part of this familiar name gave the name of "Wendy Darling" which later became the Wendy of Peter Pan.