Communist Party of Mexico (1994)

The Communist Party of Mexico (Partido Comunista de México, PCM) is a communist party in Mexico. which preserves the line of its communist identity features: internationalism of the proletariat, Leninist organizational theory based on democratic centralism, and Marxism-Leninism.

In 1994 an organizing committee was formed to create the Party of Mexican Communists (Partido de los Comunistas Mexicanos). It was renamed the Communist Party of Mexico in 2010.

The party has engaged in political activities and mobilizations, despite lacking a registration that certifies it as a national party. For the 2024 Mexican presidential election the party nominated Marco Vinicio Dávila Juarez as unofficial candidate. His name did not appear on the ballot.

Background
The PCM foundation has its origins in the Mexican Communist Party, which was founded in 1919 and dissolved in 1981 during the XX Congress. Following this, it merged with other left-wing political groups and, in 1989 into the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD). following the 1988 General Election.

Early Years (1994-2006)
The National Organizing Commission of the Party of Mexican Communists (Partido de los Comunistas Mexicanos, PMC) was established on November 20, 1994, by communist movement supporters, the majority of whom were former members of the Popular Socialist Party and the disbanded Mexican Communist Party. Who released a manifesto for the creation of the PMC, claiming a connection of the now-defunct PCM (founded in 1919).

First Congress
The party adopted the name Party of Mexican Communists at the First Congress of its new platform, which was held in 1996. Since it united several communist factions after its foundation, its political stance remained unclear even after it solidified as a party. Of the aforementioned Congress, it acknowledged the basic inconsistency of the contemporary era between the "private capitalist form of the appropriation of wealth".

Ultimately, the party formed alliances with other progressive and left-wing groups in the nation, and backed Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas and Andrés Manuel López Obrador, in their campaigns for president of the republic and head of state of the Federal District in 2000. Shortly however, the coalition with the other left-wing and progressive forces disintegrated over a supposed betrayal of "signed accords".

Second Congress
throughout April 28 to 30, 2001. Saw the holding of the Second Party Congress, with the slogan "Socialism or barbarism." The positions held by the First Congress's positions were not fundamentally altered by the theses of this Congress. This Congress's primary goal was to take action to bring together different socialist left organizations in order to expand the communist movement in Mexico.

During this time, the PCM started to participate in a number of international forums: in December 2001, at the request of the Communist Party of Cuba, it joined the São Paulo Forum; in June 2002, it made its debut at the Meeting in Athens, Greece, as part of the International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties.

Third Congress
The PCM resolved to combine with the Party of the Socialist Revolution (PRS) and take the name Party of Communists during its Third Congress, which took place on June 26–27, 2003 and was dubbed the Unity Congress. The failure to unite with other forces and the necessity for the PRS to change its name due to the revocation of its state registration by a group of enemies and the Nayarit government both contributed to the hurried nature of the unity process. Due to the Third Congress's inevitable failure, some PCM collaborators decided not to participate.

Context to the failure is that, the two organizations were primarily located in different states and cities at the time of unification and had not undergone a lengthy process of unification, adding to this. Héctor Colío, the PCM's National Coordinator at the time, delivered a report and the draft resolution, which called for advancing the process of unification with the PRS into a single Marxist–Leninist party. However, in response to the delegates' mistrust of the organization's history and ideological definitions, the PCM was forced to carry out its duties and continue its existence on its own.

The party made the decision to back the Zapatista Army of National Liberation and eventually sign the "Sixth Declaration of the Lacandon Jungle" in 2006.

Internal Crisis (2007 - 2011)
During same time, the errors for “unity of the left” were observed and debates continued to maintain it. Thus, in September 2007, Sergio Almaguer Cosió (exPRS) mentioned that they would like to unify the party with the COPAI-Mexico.

The Party participated in the IX Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties in Minsk in November of that same year. There are two significant critiques. the frontist policy of "unity at all costs," which annulled the workers' and peasants' and Marxist–Leninist party's class autonomy. Additionally, they criticize the nation's misguided popular front policy against fascism, which results in a limited alliance policy.Lastly, they suggest that Oaxaca is where the popular movement's problems first surfaced in 2006: coordination, a national movement, or localized outbursts. this helped solidify some elements that will elevate the political character of the PCM.

The union organization that the party intended to use to forge a stronger bond with the working class was officially called the Unitary Central of Workers (UCW). In reality, the UCW was a letterhead that was more focused on corporatized social organizations and resource management than it was on worker-union work, adhering to the nation's traditional organizational vices.

Internal differences continued to weigh on the party's activities, so a process of rupture began. The Central Committee chaired by Pavel Blanco Cabrera, decided to convene a new congress that could resolve the internal crisis.

The Fourth Congress was held in 2010 and saw the party split in two factions; on the one hand those who continued to group together under the name of the Communist Party, on the other, mainly young people, those who decided to merge with other movements and call themselves the Communist Party of Mexico. The party adopted a line deeply linked to Leninism and anti-revisionism. Currently, the party follows a policy that it has defined as "workers' turning point" and rapprochement with "popular sectors".