Coniothyrium

Coniothyrium is a genus of fungi in the family Coniothyriaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Czech mycologist August Carl Joseph Corda in 1840. It was formerly placed in the Phaeosphaeriaceae family until 1983 when the family was established.

The genus are diverse geographically, and have a cosmopolitan distribution across the world.

The etymology of Coniothyrium is derived from New Latin, from coni- (from conus) and thyr- (from Greek thyreos meaning oblong shield, from thyra meaning door) and -ium (ending for a genus).

Coniothyrium palmarum is the type species of the genus Coniothyrium. It is characterised by ostiolate pycnidial (asexual fruiting body) conidiomata, annellidic conidiogenous cells, the absence of conidiophores, and brown, thick-walled, 0- or 1-septate, verrucose conidia. Coniothyrium is similar morphologically to some species in the genus Microsphaeropsis. However, Microsphaeropsis is characterised by the production of phialidic conidiogenous cells with periclinal thickening, and thin-walled, pale greenish brown conidia.

Species Coniothyrium glycines is known to cause red leaf blotch on Soyabean. While Coniothyrium fuckelii is also a known plant pathogen (causing stem canker, ) that has also been known to cause infections in immunocompromised humans. Coniothyrium phyllachorae with other fungus species such as Phyllachora maydis  and Monographella maydis  are the causes of Latin America tar spot complex in places such as Guatemala, Mexico, Colombia, and El Salvador. Species Coniothyrium ferrarisianum has been isolated from leaves of Daphne mucronata in Iran, it was originally isolated from Acer pseudoplatanus  in Italy in 1958, and it was later found on Vitis vinifera  in Canada in 2017, as well as Prunus spp. in Germany in 2020, and also from Olea europaea in South Africa in 2020.

Species
The Species Fungorum list up to 450 species, in 2023), and the GBIF lists up to 499 species.

A selected few species are shown here.


 * Coniothyrium abutilonis
 * Coniothyrium acaciae
 * Coniothyrium bambusae
 * Coniothyrium batumense
 * Coniothyrium caespitulosum
 * Coniothyrium carpaticum
 * Coniothyrium celtidis-australis
 * Coniothyrium coffeae
 * Coniothyrium concentricum
 * Coniothyrium conicola
 * Coniothyrium conorum
 * Coniothyrium crepinianum
 * Coniothyrium cydoniae
 * Coniothyrium dispersellum
 * Coniothyrium dracaenae
 * Coniothyrium equiseti
 * Coniothyrium fluviatile
 * Coniothyrium fuckelii
 * Coniothyrium genistae
 * Coniothyrium glycines
 * Coniothyrium henriquesii
 * Coniothyrium ilicis
 * Coniothyrium insitivum
 * Coniothyrium jasmini
 * Coniothyrium juniperi
 * Coniothyrium kallangurense
 * Coniothyrium lavandulae
 * Coniothyrium leguminum
 * Coniothyrium marrubii
 * Coniothyrium obiones
 * Coniothyrium oleae
 * Coniothyrium palmarum
 * Coniothyrium palmicola
 * Coniothyrium phlomidis
 * Coniothyrium platani
 * Coniothyrium populina
 * Coniothyrium psammae
 * Coniothyrium pteridis
 * Coniothyrium quercinum
 * Coniothyrium rhododendri
 * Coniothyrium rosarum
 * Coniothyrium sarothamni
 * Coniothyrium sphaerospermum
 * Coniothyrium stipae
 * Coniothyrium tamaricis
 * Coniothyrium tenue
 * Coniothyrium trifolii
 * Coniothyrium ulmeum
 * Coniothyrium wernsdorffiae
 * Coniothyrium yuccae