Conjugation

Conjugation or conjugate may refer to:

Linguistics

 * Grammatical conjugation, the modification of a verb from its basic form


 * Emotive conjugation or Russell's conjugation, the use of loaded language

Mathematics

 * Complex conjugation, the change of sign of the imaginary part of a complex number
 * Conjugate (square roots), the change of sign of a square root in an expression
 * Conjugate element (field theory), a generalization of the preceding conjugations to roots of a polynomial of any degree
 * Conjugate transpose, the complex conjugate of the transpose of a matrix
 * Harmonic conjugate in complex analysis
 * Conjugate (graph theory), an alternative term for a line graph, i.e. a graph representing the edge adjacencies of another graph
 * In group theory, various notions are called conjugation:
 * Inner automorphism, a type of conjugation homomorphism
 * Conjugation in group theory, related to matrix similarity in linear algebra
 * Conjugation (group theory), the image of an element under the conjugation homomorphisms
 * Conjugate closure, the image of a subgroup under the conjugation homomorphisms
 * Conjugate words in combinatorics; this operation on strings resembles conjugation in groups
 * Isogonal conjugate, in geometry
 * Conjugate gradient method, an algorithm for the numerical solution of particular systems of linear equations
 * Conjugate points, in differential geometry
 * Topological conjugation, which identifies equivalent dynamical systems
 * Convex conjugate, the ("dual") lower-semicontinuous convex function resulting from the Legendre–Fenchel transformation of a "primal" function

Probability and statistics

 * Conjugate prior, in Bayesian statistics, a family of probability distributions that contains a prior and the posterior distributions for a particular likelihood function (particularly for one-parameter exponential families)
 * Conjugate pairing of probability distributions, in the Fourier-analytic theory of characteristic functions and statistical mechanics

Science

 * Sexual conjugation, a type of isogamy in unicellular eukaryotes
 * Bacterial conjugation, a mechanism of exchange of genetic material between bacteria
 * Conjugate vaccine, in immunology
 * Conjugation (biochemistry), covalently linking a biomolecule with another molecule
 * Conjugate (acid-base theory), a system describing a conjugate acid-base pair
 * Conjugated system, a system of atoms covalently bonded with alternating single and multiple bonds
 * Conjugate variables (thermodynamics), pairs of variables that always change simultaneously
 * Conjugate quantities, observables that are linked by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle
 * Conjugate focal plane, in optics