Cranbrook Academy of Art

The Cranbrook Academy of Art is the art school of the Cranbrook Educational Community, founded by George Gough Booth and Ellen Scripps Booth. Located in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, it grants MFA or MArch degrees to students who have completed a two-year course in 2D Design, 3D Design, 4D Design, Architecture, Ceramics, Fibers, Metals, Painting, Photography, Print Media, or Sculpture. Described as an "educational experiment", each department is led by an Artist-in-Residence, who acts as mentor, advisor, and professor to the students in that department. Cranbrook is closely tied to the Arts and Crafts movement in America.

History
In the 1920s, the Booths began developing a group of public institutions in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. These would eventually make up the Cranbrook Educational Community. In the spring of 1925, George Booth shared his idea of an arts academy with Finnish architect Eliel Saarinen, who was teaching Booth's son, Henry Booth, at the nearby University of Michigan School of Architecture in Ann Arbor. Booth envisioned a school dedicated to the English Arts and Crafts movement, where artists and craftsmen would teach students through the example of their own work. There was a strong domestic component to the movement; hand-crafted design should be part of daily life and work. Cranbrook was to be a place where artists both worked and lived. The entire Booth family lived at Cranbrook, and Saarinen involved his entire family as well. His wife Loja Saarinen would lead the Weaving and Fiber Department, and their two children, Eero Saarinen and Pipsan Saarinen, grew up and would go on to study at the academy.

In a series of letters during 1925, Booth and Saarinen planned a multi-tiered educational community comprising a church, a primary school, secondary schools for boys and girls, and an art academy.

By 1931, artists and craftsmen were already living at Cranbrook, some of them having moved across the world to be there. Finnish architect Eliel Saarinen was the chairman of the Art Council. Carl Milles left the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Stockholm to lead Cranbrook's Sculpture Department. After the 1930s, Modernism eclipsed the Arts and Crafts movement, but the Academy adhered to its Arts and Crafts roots.

Beginning in 1983, a major exhibition of works by Cranbrook's faculty and graduates, Design in America: The Cranbrook Vision 1925–1950, toured major museums in the United States and Europe. The Detroit Institute of Arts and Metropolitan Museum of Art co-authored a book detailing the works in the exhibit.

Educational structure
The Cranbrook Academy of Art is a graduate-only school oriented around a professional, studio practice. There are no classes; instead students pursue individual creative work in their studios under the guidance of artists-in-residence. Cranbrook is the only surviving experiment in radical art education, having outlasted the Bauhaus and Black Mountain College.

Architecture
The entire campus of the Cranbrook Educational Community was designed by Eliel Saarinen in the style of the Arts and Crafts movement. Every wooden door on campus is unique, an example of gesamtkunstwerk (total design). Director of the Cranbrook Art Museum, Andrew Blauvelt, described the school as the "most designed environment you will ever encounter in the United States".

Alumni
Notable artists, architects, and designers who have studied at Cranbrook Academy of Art include Adela Akers, Olga de Amaral, McArthur Binion, Peter Bohlin, Nick Cave, Niels Diffrient, Charles and Ray Eames, Edward Fella, Gere Kavanaugh, Florence Knoll, Jack Lenor Larsen, Donald Lipski, Fumihiko Maki, Myra Mimlitsch-Gray, Annabeth Rosen, Ruth Adler Schnee, Nancy Skolos, Toshiko Takaezu, Lucille Tenazas, and Anne Wilson.