Crawford County, Indiana

Crawford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of 2020, the population was 10,526. The county seat is English.

Geography
According to the 2010 census, the county has a total area of 308.72 sqmi, of which 305.64 sqmi (or 99.00%) is land and 3.08 sqmi (or 1.00%) is water. Much like the rest of South Central Indiana, the terrain of Crawford County is primarily made up of wooded hills, many of them steep.

Cities and towns

 * Alton
 * English
 * Leavenworth
 * Marengo
 * Milltown

Unincorporated areas

 * Beechwood
 * Carefree
 * Curby
 * Eckerty
 * Fredonia
 * Grantsburg
 * Mifflin
 * Riceville
 * Riddle
 * Sulphur
 * Taswell
 * West Fork
 * Wickliffe

Townships

 * Boone
 * Jennings
 * Johnson
 * Liberty
 * Ohio
 * Patoka
 * Sterling
 * Union
 * Whiskey Run

Transit

 * Southern Indiana Transit System

Major highways

 * I-64.svg Interstate 64
 * indiana 37.svg Indiana State Road 37
 * indiana 62.svg Indiana State Road 62
 * indiana 64.svg Indiana State Road 64
 * indiana 66.svg Indiana State Road 66
 * indiana 145.svg Indiana State Road 145
 * indiana 164.svg Indiana State Road 164
 * indiana 237.svg Indiana State Road 237

Adjacent counties

 * Orange County (north)
 * Washington County (northeast)
 * Harrison County (east)
 * Meade County, Kentucky (south)
 * Perry County (southwest/CT Boundary)
 * Dubois County (west)

National protected area

 * Hoosier National Forest (part)

History
Crawford County was formed on January 5, 1818, from land in the Harrison, Orange, and Perry counties, prompted by a petition of what would become of Crawford County's population. Some say it was named for William H. Crawford, who was U.S. Treasury Secretary in 1818. Others say it was named for Col. William Crawford, who fought in the French and Indian War and Revolutionary War, and who was burned and scalped by Indians in 1782 in what is now Wyandot County, Ohio. The county seat was in Leavenworth for several decades but eventually moved to English.

Bands of "White Caps" terrorized the county in the late 1880s, according to a report by Attorney General Louis T. Michener. Blacks and others they disliked were forced out; victims, both male and female, were severely whipped.

Climate and weather
In recent years, average temperatures in English have ranged from a low of 21 °F in January to a high of 88 °F in July. Although, a record low of -31 °F was recorded in January 1977 and a record high of 104 °F was recorded in July 1983. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 3.13 in in October to 5.06 in in May.

Government
The county government is a constitutional body, and is granted specific powers by the Constitution of Indiana, and by the Indiana Code.

County Council: The county council is the fiscal branch of the county government and controls all the spending and revenue collection in the county. Representatives are elected from county districts. The council members serve four-year terms. They are responsible for setting salaries, the annual budget, and special spending. The council also has limited authority to impose local taxes, in the form of an income and property tax that is subject to state level approval, excise taxes, and service taxes.

Board of Commissioners: The executive body of the county is made of a board of commissioners. The commissioners are elected county-wide, in staggered terms, and each serves a four-year term. One of the commissioners, typically the most senior, serves as president. The commissioners are charged with executing the acts legislated by the council, collecting revenue, and managing the day-to-day functions of the county government.

Court: The county maintains a small claims court that can handle some civil cases. The judge on the court is elected to a term of four years and must be a member of the Indiana Bar Association. The judge is assisted by a constable who is also elected to a four-year term. In some cases, court decisions can be appealed to the state level circuit court.

County Officials: The county has several other elected offices, including sheriff, coroner, auditor, treasurer, recorder, surveyor, and circuit court clerk. Each of these elected officers serves a term of four years and oversees a different part of county government. Members elected to county government positions are required to declare a party affiliation and to be residents of the county.

Crawford County is part of Indiana's 8th congressional district and is represented in Congress by Republican Larry Bucshon. It is also part of Indiana Senate district 47 and Indiana House of Representatives district 73.

Demographics
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 10,713 people, 4,303 households, and 2,991 families residing in the county. The population density was 35.1 PD/sqmi. There were 5,520 housing units at an average density of 18.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the county was 97.4% white, 0.4% American Indian, 0.2% black or African American, 0.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 0.6% from other races, and 1.1% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.2% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 23.8% were German, 17.4% were Irish, 13.4% were American, and 8.7% were English.

Of the 4,303 households, 30.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.6% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 30.5% were non-families, and 25.6% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.95. The median age was 41.8 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $47,697 and the median income for a family was $46,073. Males had a median income of $36,465 versus $26,005 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,598. About 17.4% of families and 18.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.0% of those under age 18 and 15.0% of those age 65 or over.