Crowds on Demand

Crowds on Demand is an American publicity firm that provides clients with hired actors to pose as fans, paparazzi, security guards, unpaid protesters and professional paid protesters. The company operates in Los Angeles, San Francisco, Las Vegas, New York City, Washington, D.C., Iowa, and New Hampshire. The firm was founded in October 2012 by Adam Swart.

Services
"As I walked down the stairs from the airplane in Estonia, I thought "Wouldn't it be great to be waving to a cheering crowd right about now?" I had the same thought as I returned home to the [United] States. Life can be very cold at times, and nothing makes people happier than having people cheer for them."

- Adam Swart, founder and CEO of Crowds on Demand

The firm sells services that allow clients to simulate a celebrity lifestyle. Its "Celebrity Shopping Experience" is a trip through town in a luxury car, with cheering fans and paparazzi at every stop. The service was the subject of a Good Morning America piece in which a correspondent pretended to be the King of Liechtenstein while he went through a shopping mall with a paid entourage.

The company also carries out publicity stunts for companies and public relations firms using actors.

Swart claims that he has the most "crowd actors" in cities where real actors tend to try to make it—New York and L.A.—but has actors available in political hotspots such as Iowa and New Hampshire as well.

Just before the November 2012 election, company founder Swart said that the company was considering a request by a candidate for a staged political protest. According to an article in the New York Post, it was claimed that Anthony Weiner paid Crowds on Demand actors to attend campaign rallies during his 2013 campaign for mayor of New York City. Weiner has disputed the story and claimed it was fabricated.

Criticism
Crowds on Demand has come under criticism for selling the pretense of fame and popularity. Elizabeth Currid-Halkett, an associate professor at the University of Southern California Sol Price School of Public Policy, criticized the company for deceiving the public.

A Washington Post columnist mentioned an e-mail he received advertising the company's "Celebrity Arrival Service" offered to politicians: "I received an e-mail the other day from Crowds on Demand, an L.A.-based company that, for a fee, will send a bunch of “team members” to your event, stuffing the crowd with confederates to make you look important."

The service has been characterized as astroturfing. Dan Schneider, writing for The Atlantic, said "There might be some gray area between offering a small token of appreciation to otherwise voluntary supporters and full-blown astroturfing, but spending hundreds or even thousands of dollars to prop up a struggling cause seems to fit more squarely in the latter category." Schneider also noted that Swart admitted "a revelation that a campaign is paying for supporters is deeply embarrassing, and he takes great pains to keep his clients’ identities a secret."

According to a February 2016 report for NBC Los Angeles, a paid protester claimed to be "a concerned citizen" when speaking out against a planned development in a city council meeting for Camarillo, California in 2015. He later stated to reporters that his role "was scripted, they told me what to say." Swart claimed the company has "worked with dozens of campaigns for state officials, and 2016 presidential candidates" but declined to identify his clients for fear of losing future business. Public records identified only one campaign, for the Six Californias, had paid Crowds on Demand.

In May 2018, the outfit made New Orleans news as word got out that energy firm Entergy had used "astroturfing" tactics - paid actors - to speak at a March city council hearing in support of a proposed controversial natural gas power plant, and in opposition to solar and wind power.

In August 2018 Crowds on Demand was included in an episode of Last Week Tonight with John Oliver about astroturfing.

In October 2018, Zdeněk Bakala filed suit in federal court in South Carolina, alleging Crowds on Demand attempted to extort millions of dollars from him.