Cruzen Range

The Cruzen Range (-77.32139°N, 161.155°W) is a mountain range that rises to 1600 m in Vashka Crag and extends west to east for 10 nmi between Salyer Ledge and Nickell Peak in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Victoria Land, Antarctica. The range is bounded to north, east, south and west by the Clare Range, Victoria Valley, Barwick Valley, and the Webb Glacier.

Name
The Cruzen Range was named by the United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAP) in 2005 after Rear Admiral Richard H. Cruzen, commander of Task Force 68 during the U.S. Navy Antarctic Developments Project, 1946-47 (Operation Highjump).

Location
The Cruzen Range was formerly the southern part of the Clare Range, to the north. It is separated from the Clare Range by Webb Cirque which holds the névé at the head of the Webb Glacier to the northwest, and Victoria Upper Névé that feeds Victoria Upper Glacier to the northeast. The two are separated by a ridge leading south from Parker Mesa to The Fortress. To the south the range is bounded by the Webb Glacier and Barwick Valley, which runs east to Victoria Valley, below Victoria Upper Glacier. Named features on a 1962 USGS map include The Fortress, Vashka Crag, Nickell Peak, Sponsors Peak and Mount Leland. Since then many more features have been named.

The Fortress
-77.3°N, 160.91667°W. The Fortress is a series of ridges and cirques that comprise the west half of Cruzen Range. It is a platform of Beacon Sandstone dissected to form four promontories bordered by cliffs over 300 m high. Situated on the shoulder to the northeast of Webb Glacier, they form part of the divide between the Webb Glacier and Victoria Upper Glacier. Named by the Victoria University of Wellington Antarctic Expedition (VUWAE), 1959–60, for its fortress-like appearance.

Features of The Fortress, from west to east, include:

Salyer Ledge
-77.2879°N, 160.82331°W A bold flat-topped ridge 1300 m high at the west end of The Fortress. Named by US-ACAN (2005) after Lieutenant Commander Herbert Salyer, United States Navy, co-pilot and navigator (Commander William Hawkes, R4D command pilot), on the Operation Highjump photographic flight of February 20, 1947, during which this ledge and Cruzen Range were observed for the first time and recorded.

Hilt Cirque
-77.29036°N, 160.85282°W The west-most cirque of The Fortress. The cirque is 0.5 nmi wide and lies east of Salyer Ledge. Named by US-ACAN (2005) after Lieutenant (jg) J.W. Hilt, United States Navy, pilot of the VX-6 Otter aircraft that obtained low-elevation oblique aerial photographs of St. Johns Range, Willett Range, and Cruzen Range, November 20, 1959.

Conrad Ledge
-77.2927°N, 160.88115°W A flat-topped ridge 1 nmi long between Hilt Cirque and Dana Cirque. Named by US-ACAN (2005) after Lieutenant Commander Lawrence J. Conrad, United States Navy (Ret.), Squadron VXE-6 helicopter pilot at McMurdo Station, 1982–85; member, United States Antarctic Project (United States ArmyP) project to photograph named geographic features in the McMurdo Sound region, 2003-04.

Mahaka Ponds
-77.3003°N, 160.86055°W Two ponds close together at the south end of Conrad Ledge. The New Zealand Geographic Board (NZGB) revised its 2005 decision of Greenfield Ponds to Mahaka Ponds in 2006. Mahaka is a Maori word meaning twin, which is a descriptive name for the two ponds in close proximity.

Dana Cirque
-77.29645°N, 160.90023°W A cirque 0.5 nmi wide lying east of Conrad Ledge. Named by US-ACAN (2005) after Gayle L. Dana, Biological Research Center, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV; team member, United States Antarctic Project (United States ArmyP) McMurdo Dry Valleys ecological research, five seasons 1993-2001.

Bell Buttress
-77.30417°N, 160.99167°W A forked flat-topped ridge, 1.2 nmi long, which extends north from The Fortress into the southwest part of Victoria Upper Névé. Named by US-ACAN (2005) after Robin E. Bell, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY; aerogeophysical research of the lithosphere of the West Antarctic rift system (CASERTZ), five field seasons 1991-99.

Tilav Cirque
-77.31944°N, 160.95833°W A cirque on the northwest side of McLean Buttress. Named by US-ACAN (2005) after Serap Z. Tilav, United States Antarctic Project (USAP) field team member in support of the Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array (AMANDA) and cosmic-ray studies at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station; nine field seasons 1991-2005.

McLean Buttress
-77.31667°N, 160.96667°W. A buttress-like mountain or promontory at the north side of Webb Lake and Barwick Valley. It rises abruptly from the valley and marks the south limit of The Fortress. Named by US-ACAN for Captain Frank E. McLean, USCG, Commanding Officer of USCGC Burton Island in the Ross Sea during Operation Deep Freeze 1970 and 1971.

Johns Cirque
-77.32309°N, 161.00856°W A cirque on the east side of McLean Buttress. Named by US-ACAN (2005) after Bjorn Johns, project manager from 1996-2005 of University NAVSTAR Consortium (UNAVCO), a consortium of 30 United States Universities that provides support of surveying, mapping, and other applications of the Global Positioning System to the United States Antarctic Project (United States ArmyP).

Vashka Crag
-77.31667°N, 161.05°W. An abrupt rock crag at the east end of The Fortress. Named by the VUWAE, 1959–60, in association with nearby Lake Vashka, located just below and to the southeast.

Gaisser Valley
-77.32854°N, 161.13234°W A mostly ice-free valley 1.5 nmi long that descends south from Vashka Crag. The valley is bounded to the east by Peterson Terrace and terminates as a hanging valley 0.5 nmi northwest of Lake Vashka. Named by US-ACAN (2005) after Thomas K. Gaisser, Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE; United States Antarctic Project (United States ArmyP) principal investigator for study of cosmic-ray showers at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, 1991-2005.

Other features
Other features, from west to east, include:

Loewenstein Peak
-77.30395°N, 161.13832°W An ice-free peak, 1539 m high, located 0.75 nmi northeast of Vashka Crag. It stands at the west end of a line of peaks that mark the divide in east Cruzen Range. Named by US-ACAN (2005) after Robert F. Loewenstein, University of Chicago and Yerkes Observatory; member of the United States Antarctic Project (United States ArmyP) astrophysical research team at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, 13 field seasons 1991-2004.{{{sfn|Loewenstein Peak USGS}}

Forsyth Peak
-77.30682°N, 161.17049°W A peak rising to 1500 m high 0.5 nmi east of Loewenstein Peak. Named by the New Zealand Geographic Board (NZGB) (2005) after geologist Jane Forsyth, a member of geological mapping parties in this area during five seasons from 1988, including work at Willett Range, Clare Range, and Victoria Valley.{{{sfn|Forsyth Peak USGS}}

Peterson Terrace
-77.32823°N, 161.20013°W A gently inclined, mostly ice-free area about 1.5 nmi sq between Gaisser Valley and LaBelle Valley. The terrace rises to 1250 m high, 750 m above Barwick Valley and Lake Vashka, close southward. Named by US-ACAN (2005) after Jeffrey B. Peterson, Physics Department, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA; astrophysics research at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, 14 field seasons 1988-2005.{{{sfn|Peterson Terrace USGS}}

Price Terrace
-77.32765°N, 161.30167°W A relatively level ice-free area about 1 sqnmi between LaBelle Valley and Berkey Valley. The terrace rises to 1250 m high, about 750 m high above Barwick Valley close southward. Named by US-ACAN (2005) after P. Buford Price, Physics Department, University of California at Berkeley, a United States Antarctic Project (United States ArmyP) principal investigator for cosmic-ray studies near McMurdo Station, 1989, and neutrino astrophysics research at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, 1991.{{{sfn|Price Terrace USGS}}

Kreutz Snowfield
-77.29086°N, 161.24595°W An intermontane snowfield 3 sqnmi. The snowfield is bounded to south by Forsyth Peak, to west by Victoria Upper Névé, to north by Mount Leland, and to east by Mount Isaac. Named by US-ACAN (2005) after Karl J. Kreutz, Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Maine, Orono, ME, who investigated late Holocene climate variability from Siple Dome ice cores, three field seasons 1994-97; from Taylor Glacier and Clark Glacier ice cores, two seasons 2003-05.{{{sfn|Kreutz Snowfield USGS}}

Mount Novak
-77.2837°N, 161.28112°W An elongated mountain, about 1400 m high, 0.7 nmi south of Mount Leland. Named by US-ACAN (2005) after Giles Novak, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; member of the United States Antarctic Project (United States ArmyP) astrophysics team at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station; 11 summer seasons 1992-2004.{{{sfn|Mount Novak USGS}}

Mount Leland
-77.26667°N, 161.3°W. Rock peak 1 nmi west of Victoria Upper Glacier. Named by US-ACAN for Captain Bainbridge B. Leland, United States Coats Guard, Commanding Officer of USCGC Burton Island during Operation Deep Freeze 1968 and 1969.

Mount Isaac
-77.29537°N, 161.32032°W A mountain 0.9 nmi southeast of Mount Novak. It rises to 1250 m high at the head of Alexander Valley, dividing the south part of the valley. Named by the New Zealand Geographic Board (2005) after Mike Isaac, a geologist who led a scientific party during two visits in 1985 and 1992.{{{sfn|Mount Isaac USGS}}

Sponsors Peak
-77.3°N, 161.4°W. Mountain, over 1,600 m high, at the west side of the mouth of Victoria Upper Glacier. Named by the VUWAE (1958–59) after sponsors who materially assisted the expedition.

Shulman Peak
-77.30793°N, 161.37333°W A peak rising to 1400 m high, 0.5 nmi southwest of Sponsors Peak. Named by US-ACAN (2005) after Leonard M. Shulman, Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, who maintained, calibrated, and upgraded neutron monitors at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station and McMurdo Station, 13 field seasons 1991-2005.{{{sfn|Shulman Peak USGS}}

Alexander Valley
-77.28544°N, 161.39332°W A valley 1.5 nmi long between Mount Leland and Sponsors Peak. The lower end of the valley is ice free and opens to Victoria Upper Glacier. The upper portion is partly ice covered and is surmounted by Mount Isaac, 1250 m high. Named by US-ACAN (2005) after Stephen Paul Alexander, United States Antarctic Project (USAP) marine biologist in study of McMurdo Sound benthic foraminifer, six seasons 1985-2001; laboratory manager, Crary Science and Engineering Center, McMurdo Station, three seasons 2002-04.{{{sfn|Alexander Valley USGS}}

Dickinson Valley
-77.31571°N, 161.43688°W A valley 1.2 nmi long on the west side of Nickell Peak. Named by the New Zealand Geographic Board (2005) after Warren Dickenson, a geologist studying quaternary geology, who led Victoria University's Antarctic Expeditions (VUWAE) field parties working in the McMurdo Dry Valleys during five seasons from 1996.{{{sfn|Dickinson Valley USGS}}

Nickell Peak
-77.31667°N, 161.46667°W. An ice free peak standing at the west side of Victoria Upper Lake, 1 nmi southeast of Sponsors Peak. Named by US-ACAN for Gregory W. Nickell, manager of the Eklund Biological Center, and of the Thiel Earth Sciences Laboratory at McMurdo Station. He died accidentally on May 15, 1974, when a truck he was driving left the road between McMurdo Station and Scott Base.