Dandry Mire Viaduct

Dandry Mire Viaduct, (or Dandrymire Viaduct), is a railway viaduct on the Settle & Carlisle line in Cumbria, England. It is just north of Garsdale station, 21 mi from Settle, and 51 mi south of Carlisle. When the Settle & Carlisle line was being built, the traversing of Dandry Mire was to have been by use of an embankment, but the bog swallowed all of the material poured into it, so a trench was dug instead, and a viaduct constructed. The viaduct, which is 227 yard long and 50 ft high, is still open to traffic on the railway, and is a prominent landmark at the head of Garsdale.

History
Work started on this part of the line in 1871 as part of the second contract let, with the original intent of crossing Dandry Mire Moss on an embankment rather than a viaduct. In 1873, it was reported that over 250,000 yd3 of material had been poured into the bog, which had just swallowed it all up, displacing the peat, so much so, that it formed ridges either side of the proposed embankment to a height of nearly 15 ft. The continual wet weather combined with the boggy nature of Dandry Mire, combined to prompt the builders to try a different approach.

John Sanders, the main architect for the structures on the line, designed a viaduct, and J S Crossley was the chief engineer during the build period. Conversion to a viaduct began in 1873, originally as an 8-arch viaduct, which later became a 12-arch structure, listed under the design plans as bridge 117. The arches, which are built from coursed sandstone, were complete by May 1875, with the approach embankments finished two months later. The parapet was completed in September of the same year.

Variations in the length of viaduct are given; mapping from Trackmaps lists it as being 11 chain, whereas some writers list it as being 227 yard, or 700 ft. The height is listed as 50 ft above the bog, but the foundation of each span is dug down to a depth of 15 ft. The viaduct has twelve-spans, with each span being between 44 ft and 45 ft in length,  grouped in three lots of four with a thicker pier dividing each group.

The structure is often called Dandry Mire, but it has been known as Moorcock Viaduct,  and occasionally as Garsdale Viaduct, though Dandry Mire is more common than the other two. Some sources list the spelling as one word (Dandrymire), such as Ordnance Survey mapping, and typos are quite common (Dandy Mire). The name Dandry Mire, is first recorded in 1771.

During the Second World War, a Luftwaffe bomber dropped bombs near the viaduct; it missed the viaduct by several hundred yards, although it was apparently aiming for Newcastle, some 70 mi away.

The viaduct is 21 mi north of Settle railway station, and 51 mi south of Carlisle railway station, with it being measured as 257 mi north of London St Pancras. Besides spanning Dandry Mire Moss, the viaduct also now spans the Pennine Bridleway between Garsdale railway station, and Moorcock Inn. The south side of the A684 road by Moorcock Inn is the site of the Dandry Mire camp, where stone-masons and navvies associated with constructing the viaduct (and other structures on this stretch of line) were housed. The viaduct was grade II listed in June 1984, and is recognised as being a prominent landmark at the head of Garsdale, where the watershed divides between the Rivers Clough, Eden and Ure.