Dawee Chullasapya

Dawee Chullasapya or Chullasap (ทวี จุลละทรัพย์,, , 8 August 1914 – 18 May 1996) was a Royal Thai Air Force officer, and a member of the Seri Thai.

Air chief marshal Dawee was widely considered a pillar of Thailand's sporting world. After a successful career in the military which saw him rise to Supreme Command chief of staff in 1961, he turned to politics and was appointed deputy defense minister in 1963. He later served as minister of transport and communications and of agriculture. Head of Thailand's National Olympic Committee for 22 years until his death, he was a member of the International Olympic Committee and a force behind the Southeast Asian Games. Dawee himself won a silver medal in sailing at the 1970 Asian Games.

After the October 1973 Thai popular uprising he served as defence minister and Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces Headquarters until 1974. In 1976 and 1979/80 he was again deputy prime minister of Thailand.

Education
He became a cadet at the Army Academy upon finishing secondary school, and graduated with the rank of 2nd Lieutenant in 1935.

Early career
Dawee soon joined the Air Force, and by 1938 had been promoted to flying officer. The young officer was soon enrolled in bombing and training courses with the RAF and USAAF, and returned two years later to become commanding officer of the 3rd Fighter Squadron, whose base was at Don Mueang.

The conflict with French Indochina saw Dawee leading the 60th Fighter Squadron, which was composed of nine Hawk 75Ns. On 24 January 1941, it was Dawee's fighters that escorted the Ki-30 Nagoyas on the raid on the French airfield at Angkor Wat.

Flight Lieutenant Dawee was a member of the last Thai military mission to Malaya in October 1941, and returned just days before the commencement of the Pacific War.

Early days
At 08:00 on 8 December 1941, Flight Lieutenant Dawee Chullasapya and Pilot Officer Sangwaan Worasap rushed off in their Hawk 75Ns to pursue a lone Japanese reconnaissance plane cruising in the skies above Don Mueang. The chase was frantic, but ultimately the Japanese pilot was saved from being shot down when the two Thai pilots were ordered to stand down and return to base.

Dawee was sent later to serve as an attaché to General Yamashita's headquarters at Alor Star. He accompanied the Japanese 25th Army to as far as Johore before being forced to return to Bangkok as a result of malarial infections.

Working with Allies
In March 1945, Wing Commander Dawee was ordered to report to the Army Deputy Commander-in-Chief, who quickly presented the Wing Commander to the Regent at his riverside residence. The regent proceeded to explain that Dawee had been chosen to carry out liaison duties with the Allies in India on behalf of the Seri Thai. He was to leave on the night of 21 April by seaplane.

Dawee was to make the journey with three Americans: two OSS officers, Majors John Wester and Howard Palmer; and the Flying Tigers' "Black Mac" McGarry, who since being shot down in the Chiang Mai area in January 1942 had been in a POW camp. Also in tow were 2nd Lieutenant Wimon Wiriyawit, a Seri Thai officer, and Fon Saengsinkaew.

The party arrived in Madras some hours later, and Dawee continued on to Colombo, where he met Sanguan Tularak, a fellow Seri Thai agent. The sojourn in Ceylonese capital did not last long, however, as the Wing Commander was taken by Colonel John Coughlin of the OSS to meet Lord Mountbatten at Kandy. There Dawee received his OSS codename, "Dicky Stone".

Wing Commander Dawee spent his time at Kandy studying aerial photographs of Thailand and assisting the bombing planners at South East Asia Command in selecting accurate Japanese military targets as opposed to Thai civilian ones. Dawee also received lessons in espionage and sabotage, and was forced to attend an intensive week-long OSS training course in Maryland.

A posting to Calcutta saw Dawee acting as a liaison officer at Mountbatten's American deputy, General Raymond B. Wheeler's headquarters. The Thai again acted as a consultant to various USAAF bombing-run plans. He returned to Thailand a while later via seaplane. Dawee was to collect intelligence regarding Japanese troop dispositions, and to aid in the establishment of secret airfields for which the Allies could fly in agents and supplies to reinforce the Seri Thai.

The Wing Commander immediately reported back to Pridi's new residence at the Bang Pa-In Summer Palace, approximately 70 km north of Bangkok.

The next week was spent surveying the Northeast for prospective airfield sites. The sites they chose was in Chaiyaphum Province and at Nonhan in Loei Province. The Royal Thai Air Force duly began construction, assisted in no little part by the Governor of Chaiyaphum, a man fully committed to the resistance, and by Khon Kaen's chief Seri Thai officers, Tiang Sirikhanth and Chamlong Daoruang.

Dawee once more returned to Calcutta, and from there on he oversaw equipment drops by B-24s on Sakhon Nakhorn, and accompanied a C-46 to Kunming and Chungking.

Return to Thailand
The airfields were ready by June, and Dawee was tasked to return to Thailand on board the first RAF C-47 to fly into the country. Prince Yuthisathien Sawasdiwat, a Seri Thai officer who had been parachuted in to evaluate the airfields, were waiting for him. On 14 June the plane landed, but the wheels sank into the ground. Once the supplies were unloaded, however, the airfield personnel were able to push the plane out of the mud and repair minor damage.

Dawee returned to Calcutta to pick up OSS Major Nicol Smith and Lloyd George, a civilian reports officer, and to bring them to Bangkok for direct talks with Pridi.

End of war
Dawee supervised the creation of a massive arms cache in the many classrooms of Thammasat University, and returned to Calcutta on 10 August, where he celebrated the end of the war with the staff of SEAC.

Postwar
Dawee accompanied Seni Pramoj back to Bangkok on September 16, and returned permanently on December 5, 1945, escorting the young King Ananda Mahidol.

Dawee was the head of the organising committees for the 1966 and 1970 Asian Games, both held in Bangkok. From 1973 to 1974, he was the Supreme Commander of the Royal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters. In 1974, he became the president of the National Olympic Committee of Thailand and member of the International Olympic Committee.

Political career
Dawee was vice minister of defence in Thanom Kittikachorn's government from 1963 to 1969. In January 1969, he ordered the napalm bombing of Hmong villages in Phitsanulok Province who were suspected of fighting for the communists. He stated: "They must be got rid of, once and for all." After Thailand had received a new constitution in 1968, Dawee joined the United Thai People's Party, created by military leaders Thanom Kittikachorn and Praphas Charusathien in order to continue their rule under the guise of parliamentary system. Dawee became the secretary-general of that party. He then served as minister of communication and transport from 1969 to 1971.

After Thanom and Praphas’ self-coup in November 1971, that suspended the constitution, parliament and political parties again, Dawee served as minister of agriculture from 1972 to 1973. In December 1972, he led the negotiations with the Palestinian terrorist group Black September, who penetrated into the Israeli embassy in Bangkok and held several hostages. Dawee could achieve the release of all the hostages and a bloodless end of the crisis. Instead of the hostages, Dawee and Chatichai Choonhavan, then deputy foreign minister and future prime minister, accompanied the terrorists as surety on their freedom flight to Cairo.

After the popular uprising of 1973, he was minister of defence under Prime Minister Sanya Dharmasakti and Supreme Commander of the Thai Armed Forces from 1973 to 1974. In December 1973, one and a half years before Thailand officially established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China, Dawee and Chatichai —who was foreign minister by that time—were the first Thai government officials to visit Beijing. There, they negotiated a contract for the supply of 50,000 tons of diesel oil at a "friendship price" and promised to remove trade barriers between the two nations.

In 1974, Dawee co-founded the Social Justice Party, of which he became the chairman in 1976. He served as deputy prime minister and minister of public health under Seni Pramoj, until the day of the Thammasat University massacre, 6 October 1976. He was again deputy prime minister, this time under Kriangsak Chomanan, from 1979 to 1980.

Honours
received the following royal decorations in the Honours System of Thailand:


 * Order of Chula Chom Klao - 1st Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg Knight Grand Cross of the Most Illustrious Order of Chula Chom Klao
 * Order of the White Elephant - Special Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg Knight Grand Cordon of the Most Exalted Order of the White Elephant
 * Order of the Crown of Thailand - Special Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg Knight Grand Cordon of the Most Noble Order of the Crown of Thailand
 * Order of Rama 2nd Class ribbon.svg Knight Commander of the Honourable Order of Rama
 * Bravery Medal (Thailand) ribbon.svg Bravery Medal
 * Victory Medal - Indochina (Thailand) ribbon.svg Victory Medal - Franco-Thai War
 * Victory Medal - World War II (Thailand) ribbon.svg Victory Medal - Pacific War
 * Freeman Safeguarding Medal - 1st Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg Freeman Safeguarding Medal, 1st Class
 * Safeguarding the Constitution Medal (Thailand) ribbon.svg Safeguarding the Constitution Medal
 * Medal for Service in the Interior - Asia (Thailand) ribbon.svg Medal for Service Rendered in the Interior
 * Border Service Medal (Thailand) ribbon.svg Border Service Medal
 * Chakra Mala Medal (Thailand) ribbon.svg Chakra Mala Medal
 * The Boy Scout Citation Medal - 1st Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg Boy Scout Citation Medal of Vajira, First Class
 * King Rama VIII Royal Cypher Medal (Thailand) ribbon.svg King Rama VIII Royal Cypher Medal, 4th
 * King Rama IX Royal Cypher Medal (Thailand) ribbon.svg King Rama IX Royal Cypher Medal, 2nd

Foreign honours

 * 🇺🇸 United States :
 * Medal of Freedom stripe bronsepalme.svg Medal of Freedom with Bronze Palm (1947)
 * US_Legion_of_Merit_Commander_ribbon.png Commander of the Legion of Merit (1963)
 * Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal ribbon.svg Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal
 * World War II Victory Medal ribbon.svg World War II Victory Medal
 * South Vietnam :
 * VPD_National_Order_of_Vietnam_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg Grand Cross of the National Order of Vietnam (1955)
 * Vietnam Kim Khanh Decoration ribbon-First Class.svg Kim Khanh Decoration, First Class (1957)
 * 🇧🇪 Belgium :
 * BEL_Kroonorde_Grootkruis_BAR.svg Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown (1960)
 * 🇲🇲 Myanmar :
 * Order of the Union of Burma (Military Division).jpg Grand Officer of the Order of the Union of Burma (1962)
 * 🇹🇼 Taiwan :
 * Special Breast Order of Yun Hui.png Order of the Yunhui, Special Class (1962)
 * Order of the Cloud and Banner 1st.gif Special Grand Cordon of the Order of the Cloud and Banner (1960)
 * Ethiopia :
 * ETH Order of the Star of Ethiopia - Grand Cross BAR.png Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Ethiopia (1963)
 * 🇳🇴 Norway :
 * St Olavs Orden storkors stripe.svg Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav (1963)
 * 🇲🇾 Malaysia :
 * MY_Darjah_Yang_Mulia_Pangkuan_Negara_(Defender_of_the_Realm)-_PMN.svg Honorary Commander of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (1964)
 * Order_of_Loyalty_to_the_Crown_of_Malaysia_-_SSM.svg Honorary Grand Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia (1967)


 * 🇰🇷 South Korea :
 * ROK Order of Service Merit (1st Class) Blue Stripes.png Order of Service Merit with Blue Stripes, 1st Class (1966)
 * 🇮🇩 Indonesia :
 * Bintang Republik Indonesia Adipurna rib.svg Star of the Republic of Indonesia, Adipurna Class (1966)
 * 🇮🇷 Iran :
 * Order of the Lion and the Sun (Iran). Medal.gif Grand Cross of the Order of Homayoun with Sash (1967)
 * 🇬🇧 United Kingdom :
 * Order of the British Empire (Military) Ribbon.svg Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (1968)
 * 🇯🇵 Japan :
 * JPN Zuiho-sho (WW2) 1Class BAR.svg Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure (1969)
 * Kingdom of Laos :
 * LAO Order of the a Million Elephants and the White Parasol - Grand Cross BAR.svg Grand Cross of the Order of the Million Elephants and the White Parasol (1969)
 * 🇸🇪 Sweden :
 * Royal Order of the Sword - Commander Grand Cross BAR.svg Commander Grand Cross of the Royal Order of the Sword (1969)
 * 🇦🇹 Austria :
 * AUT_Honour_for_Services_to_the_Republic_of_Austria_-_3rd_Class_BAR.svg Grand Decoration of Honour in Silver of the Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria with Sash (1972)
 * 🇵🇭 Philippines :
 * PHI Legion of Honor 2003 Commander BAR.svg Commander of the Philippine Legion of Honor

Military rank

 * General, Admiral and Air Chief Marshal

Volunteer Defense Corps of Thailand rank

 * Volunteer Defense Corps General