Deif family killings

On 16 August 2014, the Israel Defense Forces carried out an airstrike at the home of Mohammed Deif, leader of the Al-Qassam Brigades. Deif, was unharmed, but his wife Widad Asfura and his two children were killed.

Background
Deif joined Hamas in 1987, weeks after its establishment during the First Intifada. He was arrested by Israeli authorities in 1989 for his involvement with the organization. After 16 months of detention, he was released in a prisoner exchange. Soon after his release, he helped establish the Ezzedeen Al-Qassam Brigades, the armed wing of Hamas. Deif became the head of the Qassam Brigades after Israel assassinated Salah Shehade in July 2002. Between July 2006 and November 2012, effective command was exercised by Deif's deputy, Ahmed Jabari, after Deif was seriously wounded in an Israeli assassination attempt.

Mohammed Deif married Widad Asfura (وداد عصفورة), sometimes referred to as Widad Deif, in 2007 or 2011. Widad was already a widow, her previous husband was a martyred Qassami fighter. They had four children together, and Deif has two other sons, Bahaa (بهاء) and Khaled (خالد).

Air strike
On Tuesday 19 August 2014, Israel attempted to assassinate Deif in an airstrike on his house in the Sheikh Radwan district of Gaza City, killing his wife and two of their children. The strike on the family home killed a 7-month-old baby boy (Mohammed Deif's son, referred to at the funeral as "Ali Deif", علي الضيف), his 3-year-old sister (سارة محمد الضيف), and their 27-year-old mother (Widad Asfoura, Mohammed Deif's second wife), and three other members of the household.

The strike, however, did not kill Mohammed Deif. Israeli intelligence concluded in April 2015 that Deif had survived the assassination attempt, the fifth Israeli attempt to kill him.

On the same day, the IDF successfully assassinated 3 other leaders: Muhammad Abu Shamala (41 years old), Raed al-Attar (40 years old), and Muhammad Barhoum (45 years old).

Funeral and public reaction in Gaza
Several thousand people attended the funeral of Deif's wife and son in Gaza, angrily demanding revenge against Israel and firing shots into the air. The bodies of Widad and Ali were taken from the wife’s family home to a mosque in Jabaliya refugee camp for prayers, then laid to rest in the sand of a cemetery.

Deif’s daughter, سارة محمد الضيف, was not buried on the same day as her brother because her body was not recovered from the rubble until Thursday, the day after her brother's funeral, and two days after the air strike.

A strangely flattering letter claiming to be from (Mohammed Deif’s in laws) was published in Palestinian media. Israeli papers reported that Widad's mother did not regret approving of the marriage, and said she would do the same again.

Israeli criticism of the attempted assassination
In addition to the rage in Gaza, some within Israel also criticised the strike. Gideon Levy, in his opinion piece "What Would Israel Do in Hamas' Shoes?" for Haaretz, asked how Israel would react if Hamas killed the wife and children of one of Israel's leaders. Levy also pointed out that even if the assassination had been successful, based on past successful strikes on Ahmad Yassin and others, Deif would have been replaced, and by someone more extreme.