Didwana



Didwana serves as the temporary district headquarters for Didwana-Kuchaman district (Inaugurated on 7 August 2023 as 38th district of state) of Rajasthan, India. Known as the lion gateway of Marwar and the archway of Merta, it is mentioned in puranic texts as Abhanagri and Upakashi, and is situated on the northern side of Didwana Salt lake. It was administered as a tehsil of Nagaur district before being notified as a district. The people of Didwana speak the Rajasthani language Marwadi, a dialect in the Indo-Aryan language family, which is similar to Hindi.

Geography
Didwana is located at 27.4°N, 74.57°W. It has an average elevation of 336 metres (1102 feet). City divided in 40 Wards. It is an important station of Jodhpur-Delhi Broad gauge rail route of North West Railway Jodhpur division.

Demographics
India census, Didwana is Tehsil in Rajasthan state, As per the 2021 Aadhar estimates, Didwana Tehsil population in 2021 is 492,284. According to 2011 census of India, Total Didwana population is 397,003 people are living in this Tehsil, of which 202,303 are male and 194,700 are female. Population of Didwana in 2020 is 476,404 Literate people are 226,426 out of 139,916 are male and 86,510 are female. Total workers are 155,998 depends on multi skills out of which 97,012 are men and 58,986 are women. Total 43,918 Cultivators are depended on agriculture farming out of 29,277 are cultivated by men and 14,641 are women. 9,932 people works in agricultural land as a labour in Didwana, men are 7,430 and 2,502 are women. Didwana has an average literacy rate of 62%, more than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70% and, female literacy is 54%. In Didwana, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Archaeological Importance
In India, specifically in the Didwana region of Rajasthan, hand axes resembling those found in the Shiwalik Range have been discovered, dating back around 400,000 years. Analysis of the desert soil layers and other evidence has uncovered a link between the prevailing climates and the technological progressions observed in the Paleolithic period. Didwana has preserved lower Paleolithic artifacts in both primary and semi-primary contexts. Through geological stratigraphy of aeolian and playa sediments, handaxes found in stratified contexts have been dated to the Middle Pleistocene. To understand the technological evolution of the Acheulian culture in this area, 301 handaxes from 10 locations were studied using Roe's methodology, supplemented with additional attributes. Variations in size, shape, and refinement were noted among the collections. Statistical analyses, diagrams, factor assessments, and cluster analyses indicate a technological evolution within the assemblages, helping to establish the chronology of the sites. In comparison to other known Indian sites, these handaxes may align with cultural stages ranging from early Acheulian to very late Acheulian or even early Middle Paleolithic.