Diocese of Lilybaeum

The Diocese of Lilybaeum (Latin - Dioecesis Lilybaetana) was a diocese of the Roman Catholic church until the 9th century, when it was suppressed. It was revived as a titular see in 1966.

History
Lilybaeum (now Marsala) was an ancient city in western Sicily, with a huge Christian cemetery with catacombs and small hypogei. An ancient tradition without historical confirmation states that the diocese began in the first half of the 2nd century and that its first bishop was a Saint Eustace. According to Praedestinatus, a work by an unknown author in southern Gaul around the mid 5th century, the Gnostic Valentinus' disciple Heracleon began preaching in Sicily, but was firmly opposed by Eustace bishop of Lilybaeum and Theodore bishop of Palermo, who both denounced him to Pope Alexander I (105-115). The second traditional bishop was the martyr Gregorius or Gregory, living between the 3rd and 4th centuries but only recorded in the life of the 7th-8th century Saint Gregorius, bishop of Girgenti.

The first historically-confirmed Bishop of Lilybaeum was the mathematician and astronomer Pascasinus, captured and taken to Africa by the Vandals. After his return to Sicily he wrote a letter to Pope Leo I in 442–443, mentioning an event in the diocese in 417, meaning it had definitely been founded by that date. Leo I sent Pascasinus a letter via the other Sicilian bishops in 447. Pascasinus later became Leo's legate to the 451 Council of Chalcedon, which at the pope's request definitively fixed the date of Easter as the first Sunday after the first full moon of spring.

No further bishops of Lilybaeum are known until the 6th century, when the letters of Gregory the Great mention Theodore (in a letter of 593 and seems to have died in February 595) and Decius (elected and consecrated in September 595 and still in post at the time of a letter in 599). One of these letters mentions that Adeodata, a woman from a patrician family, had founded a nunnery dedicated to the martyr saints Peter, Laurence, Hermes, Pancras, Sebastian and Agnes in her house in Lilybaeum. At that time Sicily was part of the Byzantine Empire and - as emerges in the letters - Sicily's dioceses reported directly to Rome rather than having a metropolitan bishop. Another bishop of the diocese, Elijah, took part in the 649 synod in Rome, whilst Theophanes was one of the church fathers at the Second Council of Nicea in 787.

In the meantime, following the First Iconoclastic Controversy, Leo III the Isaurian removed Sicily from Rome's jurisdiction and placed it under the Patriarch of Constantinople around 732. Lilybaeum appeared as one of the suffragan dioceses of the Archdiocese of Syracuse in the Notitia Episcopatuum edited under Leo VI the Wise and dating to the early 10th century., though that situation was theoretical since the island had been conquered by the Arabs in 827 and there was no news from the diocese.

When the Normans conquered Sicily in the 11th century the Diocese of Lilybaeum was not reestablished, with its territory instead assigned to a new Diocese of Mazara del Vallo with its seat at Mazara.

In 1966 Lilybaeum was made a titular see of the Roman Catholic church, currently held by Giuseppe Leanza, apostolic nuncio to the Czech Republic.

Diocesan bishops

 * Saint' Eustace † (2nd century)
 * Saint Gregory † (3rd-4th century)
 * Pascasinus † (before 442/443 - after 451)
 * Theodore † (before 593 - died before February 595)
 * Decius † (before September 595 - after 599)
 * Elijah † (mentioned in 649)
 * Theophanes † (mentioned in 787)

Titular bishops

 * Henrique Hector Golland Trindade, O.F.M. † (27 March 1968 - 16 March 1971; dismissed)
 * Nicola Cavanna † (21 June 1971 - 1 August 1977; translated to be bishop of Asti)
 * Carlos Alberto Nicolini † (28 October 1977 - 29 December 1984; translated to be bishop-coadjutor of Salto)
 * Jesús Gervasio Pérez Rodríguez, O.F.M. (14 June 1985 - 6 November 1989; translated to be Archbishop of Sucre)
 * Giuseppe Leanza, 3 July 1990 – present