Diplosentidae

Diplosentidae is a family of parasitic worms from the order Echinorhynchida.

Taxonomy
The family Diplosentidae was described by Tubangui and Masiluñgan in 1937 based on Diplosentis amphacanthi. The family now contains six genera divided into two subfamilies: Allorhadinorhynchinae and Diplosentinae. The family is characterised by the absence of spines on the trunk and the presence of just two cement glands (used to temporarily close the posterior end of the female after copulation), heavily coiled lemnisci (bundles of sensory nerve fibers) that are enclosed in a membranous sac. They also share similar hooks on the proboscis.

Golvan, in 1969, placed the genus Pararhadinorhynchus in the family Diplosentinae because they had two cement glands and no trunk spines. In the same year, Golvan created Allorhadinorhynchinae based on the genus Allorhadinorhynchus which has two cement glands and trunk spines. In 1978, Noronha et al. added the genus Golvanorhynchus and in 1996 Amin and Sey added the genus Slendrorhynchus and in 2000 Salgado-Maldonado and Santos added the genus Amapacanthus all within the Allorhadinorhynchinae subfamily.

Two of these genera (Golvanorhynchus and Slendrorhynchus) modified the concept of this family to include genera with more than two cement glands. The type species of Allorhadinorhynchus, A. segmentatum was described by Yamaguti in 1959 as having only two cement glands but Araki and Machida in 1987 showed that this species has four cement glands. They proposed the new combination of Micracanthorhynchina segmentata which implies membership of the Rhadinorhynchidae. As a result, they synonymized Allorhadinorhynchus with Micracanthorhynchina.

Species
Arhythmacanthidae has 2 subfamilies (Allorhadinorhynchinae and Diplosentinae) and the following species:

Allorhadinorhynchus
Allorhadinorhynchus Yamaguti, 1959 contains one species. A. segmentatum is the only species and thus the type species of the genus Allorhadinorhynchus. It parasitizes the Japanese halfbeak (Hyporhamphus sajori).
 * Allorhadinorhynchus segmentatum Yamaguti, 1959

Amapacanthus
Amapacanthus Salgado-Maldonado & Santos, 2000 contains one species. A. amazonicus parasitizes the Passany sea catfish (Sciades passany reported as the synonym Arius passany) and the Foureyes (Anableps microleps).
 * Amapacanthus amazonicus Salgado-Maldonado & Santos, 2000

Diplosentis
Diplosentis Tubangui & Masilungan, 1937 contains two species. D. amphacanthi was collected in the Philippines from the White-spotted spinefoot (Siganus canaliculatus but reported as the synonym Amphacanthus oramin) which occurs widely in the tropical Indo-Pacific. D. manteri was described from a single specimen from the Threadfin sea catfish (Arius arius) in India.
 * Diplosentis amphacanthi Tubangui & Masilungan, 1937
 * Diplosentis manteri Gupta & Fatma, 1979

Pararhadinorhynchus
Pararhadinorhynchus Johnston and Edmonds, 1947 contains three species. P. coorongensis was found parasitizing the Yellow-eye mullet (Aldrichetta forsteri). It is commonly found parasitizing the Flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus). P. upenei was found parasitizing the Sulphur goatfish (Upeneus sulphureus).
 * Pararhadinorhynchus coorongensis Edmonds, 1973
 * Pararhadinorhynchus mugilis Johnston and Edmonds, 1947
 * Pararhadinorhynchus upenei Wang, Wang and Wu, 1993

Hosts
Diplosentidae species parasitize fish hosts.