Dmytro Chyzhevsky

Dmytro Ivanovych Chyzhevsky (Дмитро Іванович Чижевський) (March 3, 1894 – April 18, 1977) was a Ukrainian-born scholar of Slavic literature, history, culture and philosophy.

Early life
Dmytro Chyzhevsky was born of Russian-Polish-Ukrainian ancestry on 3 March 1894, at Oleksandriia, in the Kherson Governorate of the Russian Empire, near the Black Sea. His first interest was philosophy, and his teachers were Nikolay Lossky, Vasyl Zenkivskyi, and Georgy Chelpanov. From 1911 to 1913 he studied philosophy and literature at the University of St. Petersburg and afterwards at the department of history and philology at St. Volodymyr University of Kyiv, where he graduated in 1919.

Political activity and philosophical views
During the Russian Revolution he was involved in politics and was a member of the Mensheviks. After teaching at high school in Kyiv from 1919 to 1921, he emigrated from Soviet Russia to Germany and continued his philosophical studies at Heidelberg during the winter semester 1921–22, and then at Freiberg, where he was a student of Edmund Husserl (SS 1922- WS1923/24).

He lived in Prague from 1924 to 1932, where he became a professor in the Ukrainian university there, and was a member of the prestigious Prague linguistic circle, a group of linguists and philologists that included Roman Jakobson.

In 1932 he moved to the University of Halle in Germany, where he completed his dissertation in Philosophy, Hegel in Russland, under Adhémar Gelb and Paul Menzer. During World War II, Chyzhevsky took a position at the University of Marburg.

After the war he moved to the United States of America in 1949, and became a professor of Slavic studies at Harvard University.

In 1956 he returned to Germany and settled in Heidelberg as a professor of Slavic studies at the Heidelberg University, where he remained until his death on April 18, 1977.

He had a daughter called Tatjana Čiževska alias Tatiana or Tatyana Marshak (Тетяна Чижевска / Маршак (1924—1986), who was a professor of Slavic studies at various universities in the United States, particularly Wayne State University (Detroit, Michigan).

Work
Chyzhevsky wrote on a broad range of subjects, including folklore, history, philosophy, linguistics, Slavic and comparative literature. He wrote monographs on the Ukrainian philosopher Hryhorii Skovoroda (1974) and the German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1934). He is also known for his studies of the Ukrainian writer, Nikolai Gogol.

He argued for the existence of a literary baroque and wrote several books on the subject, becoming one of the foremost authorities on baroque literature.

Published works

 * Логіка (1924)
 * Dostojevskij Studien (1931)
 * Hegel bei den Slaven (1934)
 * Štúrova filozofia života (1941)
 * Культурно-історичні епохи (1948)
 * Geschichte der altrussischen Literatur: Kiever Epoche (1948 and 1960)
 * Outline of Comparative Slavic Literatures (1952)
 * On Romanticism in Slavic Literatures (1957)
 * Das heilige Russland (1959)
 * Russland zwischen Ost und West (1961)
 * Russische Literaturgeschichte des 19 Jahrhunderts (1964)
 * Comparative History of Slavic Literatures (1971)
 * Skovoroda, Dichter, Denker, Mystiker (1974)
 * A History of Ukrainian Literature (1975)