Draft:Adamawa State Flooding

In Nigeria, climate change is giving rise to severe weather events such as droughts and floods, which are negatively impacting cocoa plantations. This is resulting in diminished yields and an increase in damage from capsid insects and black-pod disease. A study conducted in Kwara State revealed that 60% of farmers believe climate change hinders the growth and survival of cocoa seedlings, while 50% think it causes delays in flowering and pod development. Additionally, insect pests and diseases are causing significant losses in crop yield. Many farmers also hold the view that climate change leads to an abundance of cocoa leaves, with 65% stating that it hinders the overall growth of cocoa trees. Insufficient rainfall stands out as the primary climatic factor driving these changes. Furthermore, there exists a statistically significant relationship between farmers' perceptions of climate change's impact on cocoa production and the revenue generated from the sale of cocoa beans.

North Central Climate Literacy: Students Involvement in Climates Advocacy and Leadership in Kwara State, Nigeria On May 25, 2022, the Protect our planet organisation Movement organized a climate change education campaign in Kwara State, Nigeria, involving students in climate advocacy and leadership. The event aimed to promote sustainable environmental practices, encourage tree planting, and discourage deforestation. The event also established an eco club and agroecology garden, with partners like Avosuahi Global Initiative Against Human Trafficking/Child Exploitation. On May 25, 2022, the Protect our Planet organization Movement orchestrated a campaign focused on climate change education in Kwara State, Nigeria. This initiative actively engaged students in advocating for climate action and assuming leadership roles. The primary goals of the event were to advance sustainable environmental habits, promote tree planting, and discourage deforestation. Additionally, the occasion led to the establishment of an eco club and an agroecology garden, with collaborative efforts from partners such as the Avosuahi Global Initiative Against Human Trafficking/Child Exploitation. https://thepopmovement.org/event/north-central-climate-literacy-students-involvement-in-climates-advocacy-and-leadership-in-kwara-state-nigeria/

research conducted in Kwara State, Nigeria, investigating the adoption of climate change adaptation techniques among sorghum farmers revealed that the expenses associated with employing more adaptation methods are positively correlated with sorghum crop yields. Additionally, the study noted that household size significantly influences the adoption of these strategies, with a higher level of utilization considered as the benchmark. The number of strategies employed, reliance on farming as a source of income, farm earnings, and farm size are all factors positively linked to the costs incurred by farmers. These findings indicate that a comprehensive approach encompassing various adaptation strategies is crucial for successful sorghum production, and households with larger sizes and farms tend to yield better results. The study emphasizes the importance of providing training and support to farmers for the implementation of a diverse set of adaptation strategies, along with advocating for policies that enhance the quality of sorghum varieties. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Assessment-of-climate-change-adaptation-strategies-Abdulazeez-Busola/9afc41b4ea7f3702c9c5ea3460f83ed1ae781d77

https://weatherandclimate.com/nigeria/kwara#:~:text=Located%20at%20an%20elevation%20of,0.08%25%20higher%20than%20Nigeria%27s%20averages. Situated at an altitude of 286.86 meters (941.14 feet) above sea level, Kwara experiences a Tropical wet and dry or savanna climate (classified as Aw). The city maintains an average annual temperature of 29.54ºC (85.17ºF), slightly surpassing the national averages in Nigeria by 0.08%. Kwara typically receives around 101.45 millimeters (3.99 inches) of rainfall, with 148.38 rainy days accounting for approximately 40.65% of the year.

This area exhibits a tropical climate, characterized by lower precipitation levels in the winter compared to the summer months. According to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification, Kwara falls under the Aw category.

https://en.climate-data.org/africa/nigeria/kwara-307/#google_vignette

research conducted in Kwara State, Nigeria, examined climate data including rainfall, evaporation, relative humidity, atmospheric and soil temperature, as well as sunshine hours to assess their influence on grain crops such as maize, sorghum, rice, millet, and cowpea. The findings demonstrated a substantial correlation between climate conditions and the yield of maize and rice, with a confidence level of 95%. The study suggests strategies like promoting rain-fed agriculture, implementing contemporary farming techniques, and offering agro-chemicals to farmers as measures to enhance agricultural productivity. https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/EJC145121

The Paris Agreement sets out to curb global warming, striving to keep it below 2°C, with a preference for limiting it to 1.5°C. This is to be achieved through a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The impacts of climate change are already evident in the form of elevated air temperatures, glacial melting, higher sea levels, desertification, and more frequent extreme weather occurrences. The data utilized in this study illustrates the effects of climate change on Kwara State over the last four decades, but it does not provide information on conditions in precise locations or microclimates. https://www.meteoblue.com/en/climate-change/kwara-state_nigeria_2332785

Ilorin has a tropical wet and dry climate, receiving an average annual rainfall of 1,200mm according to Olaniran (2002). https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ejesm/article/view/45921/32329

Kwara State is situated in a zone characterized by a tropical climate, which is distinguished by two distinct rainy seasons. http://www.aijcrnet.com/journals/Vol_3_No_10_October_2013/8.pdf Due to its placement in the Sahel region, Nigeria is considered one of the nations most susceptible to the impacts of climate change. This is evident in escalating temperatures and shifting rainfall patterns. The country faces significant exposure to severe weather events, resulting in food shortages, limited water resources, deforestation, biodiversity loss, and health hazards. In Kwara State, Nigeria, the effects of climate change are notably pronounced and have manifested across various sectors. This observation is supported by Farhan Moshood, affiliated with the Rufford Foundation. https://www.rufford.org/projects/farhan-moshood/catch-them-young-climate-change-education-primary-schools-ilorin-kwara-state-nigeria/

Climate change is not solely an environmental concern; it encompasses social and economic dimensions that affect communities globally. In Kwara state, Nigeria, the repercussions of climate change are particularly severe, notably impinging on children's ability to receive education. This is evidenced by the challenges faced by the Kwara community in ensuring access to education for its children. https://www.icirnigeria.org/how-climate-change-is-denying-children-in-kwara-community-access-to-education/ Climate change strategy among cereals farmers in Kwara state https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_228.pdf Environmental advocates in Kwara are committed to combatting climate change. They are working in partnership with local communities and grassroots organizations to tackle the challenges posed by environmental shifts. The Ilorin Climate Action initiative is focused on mobilizing influential figures across various tiers of society to put effective solutions into practice. Its objectives include heightening awareness and educating the public about how climate change affects communities, with a specific focus on areas like Ilorin East and West Local Government Areas, which face significant flood risks. This effort aims to empower individuals to adapt to these changes and also hold the government responsible for implementing necessary transformations. https://punchng.com/environmentalists-in-kwara-resolve-to-tackle-climate-change/

On December 18th, 2022, I organized the Climate Change Makers Workshop at St. Anthony's Secondary School in Ilorin, Kwara State. The goal of this workshop was to inspire a fresh cohort of climate champions and communicators, with a specific emphasis on educating them about the environment, the climate crisis, biodiversity, and sustainability principles. The engaging session encompassed activities like a rhythmic exercise and a climate-themed poem, designed to equip students with the skills and motivation to take proactive steps. Authored by Idowu Adekunle Olukayode, a Global Schools Advocate in Nigeria. https://www.globalschoolsprogram.org/post/kwara-state-climate-change-makers-workshop-report

This research delves into the assessment of climate risks as perceived by female farmers in Kwara North, Nigeria. The study places emphasis on incorporating indigenous knowledge and gender-related viewpoints in the evaluation of climate risks, given that gender dynamics often play a significant role in determining who is impacted most in environmental crises. With women comprising nearly 80% of the agricultural workforce in tropical regions, their susceptibility to climate change is on the rise, prompting them to rely on traditional knowledge for adaptation. The research reveals that the comprehension of locally-driven climate change among women farmers is limited and displays variation across the five Local Government Areas in the research area. This perception could potentially have enduring consequences on their means of livelihood. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/1109/1/012012/meta

In Ilorin, Nigeria, a five-year study investigated the connection between climate factors, poultry feed consumption, egg yield, and occurrences of diseases. Information on temperature, rainfall, wind speed, and relative humidity was gathered from 120 poultry farmers. The findings indicated that climatic elements played a substantial role, accounting for 81%, 96%, and 43% of the variability in these aspects respectively. Elevated relative humidity frequently resulted in disease outbreaks, leading to a decline in egg production. To enhance productivity, farmers are advised to establish suitable shelter and hygiene practices, confine poultry, opt for breeds well-suited to the local climate, and ensure proper nutrition. https://scialert.net/abstract/amp.php?doi=ijps.2006.1061.1068

Weather forecast in Ilorin

https://www.accuweather.com/en/ng/ilorin/253709/weather-forecast/253709 Trend Analysis of Temperature and Humidity in Kwara State, Nigeria

This research examines the temperature and relative humidity patterns in Kwara State spanning four decades (1978-2017) by utilizing data sourced from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency. The findings indicate a rising trend, indicating an increase in both temperature and humidity levels. However, according to Mann-Kendull statistics, this difference is not statistically significant. The Standardized Anomaly Index (SAI) demonstrates varying values, with half of the yearly average relative humidity surpassing the long-term average, and 40% of the annual maximum temperature exceeding it. This suggests that the fluctuations in temperature and humidity could potentially pose risks to both human health and the environment. https://ojs.bibl.u-szeged.hu/index.php/jengeo/article/view/43739