Draft:Al-Bosor

Al-Bosor is one of the oldest cities in Najd, situated in the heart of the Al-Qassim region, to the west of Buraidah. It is a subordinate center.

History
The modern history of the construction of Al-Bosor can be traced back to before 1180 AH, as evidenced by the documented purchase of Al-Bosor by Abdullah bin Nasser Al-Muhaimid from Khalifa, Salama, and Salem, sons of Abdullah Al-Rashoud, at a price of seven hundred saa wheat, twenty-one million saa barley, and eighteen red zirk.

In his geographical dictionary, Muhammad al-Aboudi cites a date of 1198 AH (12th century CE) for the establishment of Al-Bosor. This information was also included in Lorimer's 1915 book, A Guide to the Gulf, which indicates that Al-Bosor is located seven miles west of Buraidah, the water is six fathoms deep, there are numerous palm gardens, and the number of houses in Al-Bosor is fifty.

During the emirate of Muhammad al-Abd al-Rahman al-Muhaimid, the people of Basra hosted King Abdulaziz and his army for three days. They also participated in the Battle of Bekeriyah, which took place in the last spring of 1322 AH. The emir of Al-Bukayriyah was nicknamed "pouring ghee on ghee" for his generosity.

Naming
Sheikh Muhammad bin Belihed, the author of the book Sahih al-Akhbar, mentioned Al-Bosor and asserted that the name is ancient. Sheikh Muhammad al-Aboudi offered a contrasting perspective, citing the Dictionary of Al-Qassim Countries to suggest that Al-Bosora is one of the oldest countries in Al-Qassim. However, he acknowledged that the origin and date of the name's establishment remain uncertain, particularly in the vernacular language. However, there is an ancient place called Al-Bosor at the bottom of a valley at the top of Al-Shiha in Balad al-Hazn, where Yaqut al-Hamawi in the Mu'jam al-Buldan quotes Jarir as saying: "However, the historical designation of Al-Qassim is not the same as the current appellation. Rather, the name is derived from a different source."

Climate
Al-Bosor is situated within the climatic conditions that define the Najd region, which is characterised by a desert climate that experiences extreme heat during the summer and extreme cold during the winter. However, the climate of Al-Bosor differs from that of the Najd region in that it is less hot during the summer. The moderating effect of the surrounding farms is a primary factor contributing to the relatively cooler temperatures experienced at night in Al-Bosor. The presence of numerous farms in the city's center and periphery, coupled with the high humidity caused by the dense vegetation, results in a notable softening of temperatures during the summer months. Additionally, precipitation occurs in Al-Bosor during the autumn, winter, and spring seasons.

Population
The old Al-Bosor is confined to the old mosque and its surroundings it is said that it was bought from a person named Al-Basir and they worked in agriculture, as its land was suitable for farming. The population of Al-Bosor at the last official census in 2015 was approximately 7650 people.

Al-Bosor's borders
The purchase document for the town of Al-Bosor, prepared by Al-Muhaimeed, included a definition of the town with clearly delineated boundaries and prominent landmarks, extending from the east. Khab al-Sufyan, currently designated as Al-Arimdhi, is situated to the south. Hamra al-Sa'an, situated in close proximity to the Al-Zahra Mosque on the airport road in Onaiza, and from the west: Erg bin Umaira, the site of the present-day Muhammad Ali Al-Suwailem Road, and from the north: Al-Qa'ta is situated in close proximity to the location of the electricity station on the Al-Bosor-Ayoun Al-Jawah road.

The emirate
The Al-Bosor Center is regarded as the inaugural center established in the countryside west of Buraidah and is classified as a Category A center. The Al-Bosor Center is one of the oldest officially registered centers in the countryside west of Buraidah, having been granted certain privileges before all other centers, including the right to rent a building, appoint a Khoi, and grant a car to its Emir.

In contrast to other centers that were designated as an emirate without any accompanying privileges, this particular center serves a group of towns in addition to Al-Bosor. The Emirate Center is currently located on King Fahd Road, opposite Al-Shabab Park from the south, in Al-Bosor's western suburb, Al-Jadidat. This area, which includes Al-Aqoul, Al-Nakhlat, and Al-Mansi, has been home to the Emirate Center for over two decades.

The municipality
The decision of the Minister of Municipal and Rural Affairs was issued in 1403 AH to approve the Village Services Complex in Al-Bosor. On the first day of Rabiul Awwal 1425 AH, the name of the Village Services Complex was changed to a municipality. In addition to the town of Al-Bosor, the municipality serves numerous other towns, including: The municipal service area encompasses the following towns: Al-Ghamas, Al-Daisa, Diras, Al-Aqoul, Al-Muwaih, Al-Nakhlat, Khab Rawdan, Al-Suwailmiyah, Khab Al-Hilwa, Al-Mansi, Khab Al-Kifa, Khab Al-Talha, Al-Malidah, Al-Jadidat, West Basra, and Umm Khays. The total area of the municipal service area is approximately 600 km².

Water resources
Al-Bosor is renowned for its abundant water resources, which have been harnessed for agricultural purposes since ancient times, particularly the cultivation of palm trees. Its water sources are of exceptional quality and are divided into two main sections:


 * 1) Surface groundwater refers to the water that is found in aquifers at or near the surface of the earth. This water is widely available, but its composition varies considerably from one region to another. In particular, the percentage of salts present in the water varies significantly, with concentrations being higher in some areas than in others. This is particularly evident in the valley region on the streams of Wadi Al-Rumma, where the percentage of salts in the groundwater is significantly higher than in other areas.
 * 2) Deep groundwater is defined as groundwater located below the water table. This is the water that follows the main basins and formations in the Kingdom. Al-Bosor is situated within the Saq Formation, a region that is rich in freshwater. In some areas of Al-Bosor, the depth of the formation reaches 200 meters, while in others it exceeds 1,000 meters.

Archaeological monuments

 * Al-Mansi Mosque.
 * King Abdulaziz Observatory.
 * Umm al-Hassa.

Chiefs of Al-Bosor

 * Nasser bin Abdullah al-Muhaimid is estimated to have lived around 1185 AH.
 * Rashid bin Abdullah al-Muhaimeed, who became blind at the end of his life, is credited with establishing the town of al-Aqul, situated to the south of Al-Bosor.
 * Muhammad bin Rashid bin Abdullah al-Muhaimid.
 * Oweid bin Muhammad bin Rashid bin Abdullah al-Muhaimeed.
 * Abdul Rahman bin Saleh bin Muhammad bin Abdullah Al Muhaimid was honored by Prince Jalawi bin Abdullah Al Saud, Emir of Unaiza, from 1265 AH to 1270 AH.
 * Nasser bin Saad bin Nasser bin Abdullah al-Muhaimeed died in 1298 AH. Ibrahim bin Othman bin Muhammad al-Muhaimeed.
 * Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Rashid bin Abdullah al-Muhaimid.
 * Muhammad bin Abdul Rahman bin Saleh bin Muhammad Al-Muhaimid, during his tenure as Emir, hosted King Abdul Aziz and his army in Al-Bosor and participated in the Battle of Al-Malidah, which occurred in the final spring of 1322 AH. He died in 1370 AH.
 * Ali bin Abdulrahman bin Saleh bin Muhammad al-Muhaimid.
 * Ibrahim bin Abdullah bin Abdulrahman bin Abdulrahman bin Saleh al-Muhaimid, during the period of his administration, specifically in 1364 AH, observed the appearance of dabba in large quantities. Prince Abdullah al-Faisal, the Emir of Al-Qassim, was eager to provide support to the farmers in order to preserve their crops, and he rode on his horses to encourage them to continue their work.
 * Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Sulaiman bin Muhammad bin Saleh Al-Muhaimid, ruler of the Emirate of Al-Bosor, hosted a number of princes from the Al-Qassim region. In 1382 AH, Prince Saud bin Hathloul was hosted by Prince Fahd bin Muhammad bin Abdul Rahman in 1391 AH, and HRH Prince Abdul Ilah bin Abdul Aziz in 1400 AH, who died in 1402 AH.
 * Saleh bin Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Abdullah bin Sulaiman bin Muhammad al-Muhaimid, in his emirates Al-Bosor, like other Qassim towns, hosted the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Fahd bin Abdulaziz for the town when he answered their invitations. However, he was deputized in the presence of the Deputy Emir of Al-Qassim, Prince Muhammad bin Saad, in 1408 AH.

Significant figures

 * Salman al-Ouda.
 * Nasser bin Ibrahim bin Saleh al-Muhaimid.
 * Saleh bin Abdulrahman bin Sulaiman al-Muhaimeed.
 * Hamad bin Saleh bin Abdulrahman bin Abdulrahman Almuhaimeed.