Draft:Al Junayd Invasion in India

The Umayyad Caliphate invasion of India were the military campaigns conducted by the Umayyad Caliphate, a powerful Islamic empire based in the Middle East, against the Indian subcontinent during the early medieval period.

The Umayyad invasion of India began in the 8th century, as the caliphate sought to expand its territories and spread the influence of Islam. The Umayyad forces, led by Arab generals such as Muhammad bin Qasim, launched multiple expeditions into the regions of Sindh and Punjab, targeting the Hindu kingdoms that ruled over these areas.

The Umayyad forces faced stiff resistance from the local rulers, but they were ultimately successful in conquering large parts of present-day Pakistan and establishing Islamic rule in the region. The campaigns of the Umayyad Caliphate in India were characterized by military prowess, religious zeal, and a desire to extend the influence of Islam in India.

Background
The first raid on India was directed against the Western States of India - namely Gujarat and Maharashtra. The areas which are raided respectively mentioned by Al-Baladhuri, a historian of 9th century and before him, the 7th century Armenian historian Sebeos confirmed this. The motive behind these raids was plundering.

The Umayyad conquest of Sindh, led by General Muhammad bin Qasim in the early 8th century, was a significant event in the history of the Indian subcontinent and in the spread of Islam in the region. This conquest marked the first major Arab invasion of the Indian subcontinent and established Muslim rule in the region of Sindh, in present-day Pakistan.

Sindh was a strategically important region due to its proximity to the Arabian Sea and its location along major trade routes. The Umayyad conquest allowed the caliphate to control important trade routes and establish a presence in the Indian Ocean region.

Campaign of Al Junayd
During the caliphates of Yazid II (r. 720–724) and Hisham (r. 724–743), the expansion policy was resumed. Junayd ibn Abd ar-Rahman al-Murri (or Al Junayd) was appointed the governor of Sindh in 723 CE. Al-Junayd was the most powerful governor of Sindh, after defeating Jaisiah, the son of Dahir in a naval battle, he first targeted the Kiraj and by defeating its king Duhar, or Drohar he ultimately put an end to his kingdom. A massive campaign launched by Al-Junayd in present day Rajasthan, Gujrat and Madhyapradesh. He subdued many regional rulers himself.

His lieutenants proceeded as far as Ujjain, capturing Marmad, Mandal, Dahnaz, Burwas,vUjjain and Malibah,They attacked baharimad and burned it's suburb. ,AlThough there was not confrontation between the army of Al-Junayd and Nagabhata but it happened in later year during the time of Al hakam ibn awana.

Al-Junayd's campaign was largely successful and he successful conquered Gujarat and part of Rajasthan well perhaps as al- Kiraj and Punjab.

Aftermath
Shortly after the dismissal of Al-Junayd, the presence of muslims in Sindh weakened and muslims retired from the hind during the time of Tamim bin ziad but after he got dismissed and Al hakam became the governor, he built Al mahfuza in Sindh and tried to invade the Western Region of India which was previously lost after the dismissal of Al-Junayd, although he was successful in his campaign as it's mentioned in the navasari inscription of pulakesin, The arabs defeated Kacchella, Saindhava, Saurashtra, Cavotaka, Maurya and Gurjara" kings and proceeded towards South but were defeated by Avanijanashraya Pulakeshin.