Draft:Body odor and mosquito attraction

Research has found that mosquitoes are attracted to certain chemicals in body odor. In particular, airborne carboxylic acids produced by skin bacteria can attract mosquitoes while eucalyptol can act as a repellent. The effect of body odor on mosquito attraction also depends on the type of mosquito — malarial mosquitoes exhibit heightened sensitivity to human body odor compared to non-malarial mosquitoes, possibly due to alterations in their olfactory system caused by the malaria parasite. Infected mosquitoes are around three times more likely to be attracted to and attempt to feed on humans than uninfected mosquitoes.

Human body odor
All humans possess three types of sweat glands, including the apocrine, eccrine, and sebaceous glands. The apocrine glands, which develop and activate in hairy regions during puberty, produce an odorless oily fluid known as sweat. It is only when skin microbes – which tend to thrive in moist and warm environments – metabolize the sweat that it can produce an odor. The use of deodorants or antiperspirants can mask this unpleasant odor that emanates from the body.

Mosquitoes and body odor
Several of the chemicals found within body odor can be smelled by mosquitoes, creating a greater attraction to certain individuals over others. Extensive research has been conducted to pinpoint the specific chemicals that attract mosquitoes. One experiment, published in the Current Biology Journal, involved building an ice-rink-size testing arena full of mosquitoes and pumping in the scents of different people. While the researchers' main goal was to compare the mosquitoes' smell preferences across different humans, they were also interested in gaining more data regarding the insects' ability to track scents across large distances, as well as how the time of day affected their activity. The researchers were able to track which scents were of greatest interest to the mosquitoes. The study found that the mosquitoes were most attracted to airborne carboxylic acids, which are produced by bacteria on human skin and whose smell tends to not be noticeable to humans. Additionally, the researchers discovered that a chemical called eucalyptol, which can be found in plants, tends to deter these insects. Humans whose diet includes a large portion of vegetables may produce a lot of eucalyptol in their body odor, which could help them not attract mosquitoes.

Malarial and non-malarial mosquitoes
A 2013 study compares and contrasts the sensitivity levels of those mosquitoes carrying the malaria disease and those that are not. Researchers found that malarial mosquitoes are more sensitive and more attracted to humans' body odor than non-malarial mosquitoes. . They hypothesized that this is due to the parasite creating an alteration somewhere in the mosquitoes' olfactory system that allows them to smell and find humans in a faster manner. In fact, the data in the study suggests that mosquitoes infected with the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, were around three times more likely to land and attempt to feed on the test fabric than uninfected mosquitoes