Draft:Claudia Borri

Claudia Borri (24th April, 1945 - 9th January, 2021) was a professor, scholar, author, and activist. She has written on a variety of topics related to modern and contemporary History pertaining to the nations of the Cono Sur, particularly Chile and those relating to women's travels through Latin America in the 19th century.

Early Life & Education
Claudia Borri was born to Dr. Edmondo Borri and Maria Grazia Borri Mainardi in Verbania, on Lake Maggiore, Italy.

She attended the Faculty of Modern Literature at the University of Pavia after finishing classical high school. She received her degree in History of the Risorgimento with a thesis titled Land ownership in the countryside of Pavia on the threshold of the Risorgimento (110/110 with honors), whose speaker was professor Giulio Guderzo.

She lived in Santiago, Chile, between 1989 and 1994. She enrolled in the Magister en Historia de América, or PhD in Latin-American History, in 1990 at the Facultad of Filosofa and Humanities of the University of Chile after clearing the admission exam. The thesis entitled The Valdivian expedition of 1777 - In Search of the "Ciudad de los Césares" was presented and discussed in 1993 with Professor Rolando Mellafe, receiving the highest score (7/7).

Dr. Borri took a Chile specialization course in current Chilean History in 1994 at the same faculty.

In addition to having excellent verbal and written Spanish skills, Claudia also spoke and wrote well in English and French.

Career
Borri worked as a volunteer assistant at the Pavia Faculty of Letters and Philosophy's Institute of Modern and Contemporary History from 1969 to 1970. She then began working as a literature teacher at the middle school in Pavia, where she remained for one year, leaving her job in 1971.

She worked as a literature teacher at high schools from 1972 to 1989, first in Pavia and then, starting in 1975, in Milan.

She served as an adjunct professor and taught the yearly Latin American history course at the Didactic and Cultural Pole of the University of Trieste's Gorizia branch in 2007.

She participated in research projects supported in this field by the Milanese Institute for the History of the Resistance and the Workers' Movement and by the CISEM during this time to further her understanding of the issues related to the teaching of History and the History of women.

She returned to Italy in 1995. While there, she participated in teaching and research projects under the direction of Prof. Carlo Giacomo Lacaita, full professor of Contemporary History and History of the Risorgimento at the Department of History of Society and Institutions of the Faculty of Political Sciences (University of Milan). During this time, she conducted many seminars.

Between December 1998 and June 2000, she worked as Dr. Marilena Adamo's assistant, conducting research, organizing events, and managing public relations in the areas of culture, women's policies, and immigration as part of a coordinated and ongoing collaboration contract with the Lombardy Regional Council's Presidency Office.

Claudia also served as a professor of Latin American History at the University of Milan's Faculty of Political and Government Sciences and the Walter Tobagi School of Journalism's Master in History of the Contemporary World and Journalism from 2008 to 2009. (University of Milan, Sesto San Giovanni).

She assisted in the teaching of Spanish-speaking cultures I and II in 2010–2013 as a subject-matter student.

Seminars
Claudia Borri has conducted many seminars on various topics, including:

1996: Hypothesis of "good governance" and "public happiness" in the New World: Francesco Algarotti's Essay over the Empire of the Incas and the American Letters of Gian Rinaldo de 'Carli

1997: Ideas and men of the Italian Risorgimento in the independence process of Latin American countries (Chile and Argentina)

1997: The First World War: methodology and bibliographical references

1998: The movement of nations. Nationalism and colonialism at the end of the 19th century.

2004: Relations between Latin America and the United States from Independence to the 1970s

2005: Italian colonial policy from the late nineteenth century to the decolonization process.

2006: Italian society and the international context between the 1960s and 1980s.

Publications
1. Social aspects of the Pavese Sottana Campagna in the data of the Cadastre of Charles VI, Annals of History of Pavese, n. 4-5, 1980.

2. What story after Pinochet? Sorts, programs and history manuals in the Chilean transition from dictatorship to democracy, The Travels of Herodotus, n. 14, 199, pp. 174-185.

3. An episode de historia austral, Actas del II Congreso de Jóvenes Historiadores, Valencia, 1992.

4. The Valdivian Expedition of 1777-1780 in Search of the 'City of the Caesars,' Historical and Geographical Notes, Faculty of Humanities, Valparaiso, 1993.

5. Further reflections on the Valdivian expedition of 1777-1780 in search of the City of Caesars, Bulletin, n. 2, Municipal Historical Museum, Osorno (Cile), 1994.

6. Carlo Emilio Gadda, Milanese and Latin American, Pen and Brush, n. 168, James , 1994.

7. The Indigenous Image of the Land of Fire and The Star of Araucania by Emilio Salgari, The Journey of Erodoto, n. 27, 1995.

8. Maria Graham, an English traveler in Chile (1822-1823), in Presentation and practice of space in a historical-geographical perspective, Brigati, Genoa,

9. The Image of the Indigenous in a Text of Italian Popular Literature: The Star of the Araucanía by Emilio Salgari, Chilean Journal of Humanities, n. 16, 1995 , pp. 51- 69.

10. Lemmi: "Scoperta dell'America", "(The) Cambridge History of Latin America", "Inca Empire" in Dictionary of Historiography, Il Saggiatore, Milan.

11. Indigenous and National States in Latin America. The case of the Mapuche, Miscellany of the History of Explorations, Genoa, 1996, pp.99-111.

12. El Ombú y la Ceiba, Pluma y Pincel, n. 175, Santiago, 1996.

13. The Valdivian expedition of 1777 in search of the "City of the Caesars", Society and History, n. 72, 1996, pp. 283-309.

14. For a history of the Mapuche people: facts and problems, in Mapuche. History and culture of a people in struggle, Punto Rosso, Milan, 1996.

15. The red umbrella (Notes on the trip of Flora Tristan in Peru), El Mercurio, Santiago, 1/6/1997.

16. The world at the end of the world: Emilio Salgari and Luis Sepúlveda traveling between Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, Salgarian notebooks, n. 1, 1998, pp. 161-170.

17. Flora Tristan in Peru (1833-1834), Miscellany of the History of Explorations, XXIII, Genova, Bozzi, 1998, pp. 225-243.

18. The Mapuche woman between past and present, Tapee, n. 24, 1999.

19. For a history of travel for women. The Countess of Merlin in Cuba, Confini, n. 7, 1999, pp. 30-34.

20. Anglican Missionaries in Tierra del Fuego, Miscellany of exploration studies, XXVI, Genoa, 2001, pp. 171-216.

21. The indigenous problem in Chile in: Allende's Chile 25 years later, edited by Giuseppe Dejana, Liceo Scientifico "S. Allende ", Milan, 2001.

22. The abominable man of the Andes. Darwinian fantasies of an English lady in Patagonia, Miscellanea of the History of Explorations, XXVIII, Genoa, 2003, pp. 235-254.

23. On the threshold of photography: images of Chile in two traveler stories (Florence Dixie and Marianne North, XIX century), Entrepasados, N ° 23, 2003, pp. 23-30

24. Fates crossed. Emilio Salgari and Captain Trizano in Araucania, My volumes run triumphant ..., Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Salgari's fortune abroad, Edizioni dell'Orso, Alessandria, 2005, pp. 107-126.

25. Style variations. The images in the process of formation of the Chilean national identity (1780-1840) in C. Cattarulla (edited by), American identities: body and nation, Cooper, Rome, 2006, pp. 42-65.

26. The Voyages of Mary Graham, Flora Tristan, and Florence Dixie to South America. Methodology and interpretation in: Loreto Rebolledo and Patricia Tomic (coordinators), Gender spaces. Imaginaries, identities and History, Notebooks of the Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali, 2006, pp. 107-1 41-5

27. Esotericism in own home. The tropical forest as told by the Uruguayan writer Horacio Quiroga (1878-1937) in: Luisa Villa (a cura di), Emilio Salgari and the great tradition of adventure romance, ECIG, Genoa, 2007, pp. 107-1 239-2

28. The formation of Chilean national identity through the painting of José Gil de Castro and Mauricio Rugendas in: Inmaculada Rodríguez Moya (ed.), Art, power and identity in Iberoamerica. From Viceroys to Nation Building, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, 2008, pp. 107-1 205-2

29. Art for the people. Its murals of David Alfaro Siqueiros (1896-1974) and Roberto S. Matta (1911-2002) in Cile, Confluenze. Journal of Iberoamerican Studies, 2/2010, http://confluenze.cib.unibo.it/issue/current.

30. Adventurers-patriots in the process of independencia de Chile. Los casos de Thomas Cochrane y de Giuseppe Rondizzoni, in C. Cattarulla and I. Magnani (eds.), Escrituras y reescrituras de la Independencia, Corregidor, Buenos Aires, 2012, pp. 245-261.

31. The gaze of female travelers before slavery in the Americas. The experiences of Maria Graham, Flora Tristan, Fanny Kemble and Fredrika Bremer. Siglo XIX, in: Sara Beatriz Guardia (ed.), Travelers between two worlds, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, COED: Editora UFGD, 2012, pp. 185-209.

32. South American scenarios: the indigenous in Salgarian fiction, in: Paola Irene Galli Mastrodonato and Maria Gabriella Dionisi (eds.), Salgarian re-readings, Metauro Edizioni, Pesaro, 2012, pp. 127-145.

33. Earthquakes in Chile. History and imagination around an apocalyptic event, in: Altre Modernità, Apocalipsis 2012, Special issue 2013, pp.128-143.

34. From the Americas to Europe: the unfortunate transmigration of the herbaria by Carlo Luigi Giuseppe Bertero (1789-1831), in: Altre Modernità, No 10 (2013), pp. 68-109.

35. The Chilean culinary identity between indigenous traditions and European

36. The cognition of pain. Women's memories in the Chilean post-dictatorship: Tita Friedmann and Carmen Hertz, GOédipus 2014, Proceedings of the Salerno Conference by Giulia Nuzzo, 2018, pp. 265-282 (CD edited by C.S.A. "Circolo Amerindiano").

Monographs
The mirror of the distance. Three trips of women to South America (19th century), il Bookmark publisher, Turin, 2002, pp. 262.

Essays
1. Patricia Verdugo (1947-2008): in search of truth in Pinochet's Chile. (SIS)

2. La “exportación” de la Transición española a la democracia: the case of Chile. (Valencia)

3. Memory and History in the autobiography of the Chilean journalist Patricia Verdugo (1947-2008) (Salerno)

4. Latin America at the end of the 19th century in the reportages of Antonio Gallenga (1810-1895), political exile, and correspondent for the Times (Santiago).