Draft:Consciousness for Unifying Causation, Relativity and Quantum Mechanics

Quantum physics and gravity are two distinct concepts that have proven challenging to unify into a single framework. While electromagnetism, the weak nuclear force, and the strong nuclear force have been unified under the framework of quantum field theory, gravity remains elusive and has not been unified with quantum mechanics. Gravity is accurately described by the theory of relativity, which does not align with quantum physics. According to the framework proposed by Mahendra Samarawickrama, this difficulty arises due to the absence of a consciousness dimension in the mathematical frameworks of fundamental physics, which he argues can explain the causation of gravity, quantum mechanics, and reality.

Samarawickrama's framework attempts to integrate the consciousness dimension with the mathematical frameworks of fundamental physics to unify Quantum physics and gravity..

History and Background
Understanding reality and natural behaviour involves the concept of causation, which plays a crucial role. Some believe causation is fundamental, while others argue it is derivative or a construct. David Hume and Simon Blackburn suggested that causation is composed by the human mind in response to regularities in nature, viewing it as a human construct that depends on the laws of nature. Conversely, Richard Swinburne argues that causation is a fundamental aspect of reality, not explainable by other constructs. Robin Le Poidevin also describes causation as primitive, stating that time is derived from change and is related to cause and effect. Huw Price, however, argues that the laws of physics do not explain the direction of time and that backward causality is possible.

In physics, time is viewed as a basis for the progression of states from past to future. Newtonian physics posits an absolute time independent of the observer, flowing consistently throughout the universe. Later, Einstein's theory of relativity showed that time is relative to the observer, with the speed of light being constant for any reference frame. Time emerges from the awareness of change, which underpins causation, implying cause and effect following the laws of thermodynamics. The second law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of a process will not decrease, giving a physical meaning to the direction of time, often called the arrow of time. Relativity introduces the concept of the observer's awareness affecting the perception of time, bringing consciousness into the picture.

Both physical and neural/mental states are important for understanding causation. The idea of mental causation, or the mind's causal interaction with the physical world and behaviour, is an established philosophy. About 2500 years ago, the Buddha stated that the mind underpins causation and is supreme, referring to causation as paticca-samuppada. Walter Sinnott-Armstrong argues that physical or neural states cannot exist without mental terminology, describing different levels of causation.

In both relativity and quantum mechanics, the observer and awareness are discussed. Relativity considers the notion of time in causation as relativistic, depending on speed and gravity. Quantum mechanics, however, imposes limitations on the awareness of the physical world. According to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, it is impossible to know both the position and momentum of a particle with perfect accuracy. Eugene Wigner suggested that consciousness interacts with causation at the quantum level, causing the collapse of the wave function to experience quantum reality. Recent discoveries suggest that awareness can be faster than light, exceeding physical limitations through quantum entanglement. Consequently, some scholars now hypothesise consciousness as fundamental.

The causation of consciousness remains a contemporary research topic. Some believe consciousness is caused by brain function. Roger Penrose initially suggested that consciousness does not correlate with the brain’s neural function, arguing that a large portion of brain neurons do not contribute to consciousness. Later, Penrose supported the hypothesis that consciousness emerges from quantum vibrations in microtubules inside brain neurons. This idea may unify consciousness with neuroscience and quantum mechanics. In contrast, artificial intelligence (AI) has achieved significant developments related to human cognitive functions by imitating the brain’s neural computation. Johnjoe McFadden posits that consciousness is underpinned by the brain’s energy field, suggesting that electromagnetic energy correlates with consciousness and reality.

The hard problem of consciousness, articulated by Chalmers, explores how perceptions or subjective experiences map onto objective measurements like neural activities in the brain. Neuroscience, cognitive models, and neural correlates of consciousness attempt to understand how perception and consciousness form in the brain. However, the observable reality constitutes only about 5%, with the rest being dark matter and dark energy, which interact with reality but cannot be observed. Proof of non-local reality suggests that awareness exceeds physical limitations like the speed of light. Awareness of dark matter, dark energy, and non-local reality might require extending consciousness beyond sensory perception.

Framework for Unifying Quantum Physics and Gravity
Mahendra Samarawickrama's work makes several significant contributions:
 * 1) It explains consciousness and change as fundamentals of reality underpinning causation, conservation of energy and momentum, relativity, quantum mechanics, and other constructs.
 * 2) It describes how awareness emerges through consciousness and change, bringing experiences of cause and effect or causation.
 * 3) It illustrates how preserved awareness maintains integrity in experiences of reality, causing conservation of energy and momentum, relativity, quantum mechanics, and other constructs.
 * 4) It unifies relativity and quantum mechanics based on consciousness and change, introducing a consciousness dimension in relativity to understand uncertainty.
 * 5) It explains gravity as preserved awareness near mass, integrating consciousness and change.

Samarawickrama previously proposed that consciousness is fundamental in the universe, creating reality. He suggested:
 * 1) Consciousness is a sequential process relating to a single state of reality at a given instant, underpinning awareness when the process continues.
 * 2) The consciousness cycle is the shortest duration for an observer to be aware of the change of reality.
 * 3) Consciousness constructs space-time based on awareness.
 * 4) Consciousness interacts with energy and matter, transforming consciousness photon energy into consciousness particles, conserving energy and momentum.
 * 5) Consciousness correlates with relativity, with both time and consciousness dilating when the observer moves.
 * 6) Consciousness correlates with quantum mechanics, behaving according to wave-particle duality.

This idea is mathematically expressed as: $$ hf_\mu = \frac{m_\mu}{\sqrt{1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}}}c^2, $$ where $$m_\mu$$ is the rest mass of the consciousness particle, $$h$$ is the Planck constant, $$c$$ is the speed of electromagnetic waves, $$v$$ is the speed of the consciousness particle, and $$f_\mu$$ is the frequency of the consciousness wave. This equation unifies matter, energy, and consciousness. Time is not a fundamental dimension but a derivation of consciousness and change. The established idea of time dilation in relativity: $$ \Delta t = \frac{\Delta t_0}{\sqrt{1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}}}, $$ was used to understand the dilated period of consciousness $$T_v$$ based on the rest period of consciousness $$T_0$$: $$ T_v = \frac{T_0}{\sqrt{1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}}}, $$ where $$v$$ is the speed of the observer. The dilation of consciousness causes the time dilation effect in causation. The frequency of consciousness $$f_\mu$$ is expressed as: $$ f_\mu = \frac{1}{T_0} = \frac{1}{T_v\sqrt{1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}}}, $$ defining the cycle of consciousness $$T_v$$ as the shortest duration to be aware of the change of reality by an observer. Thus, only consciousness and change are fundamental, while time is a perception based on awareness underpinned by consciousness and change.

In physics, four fundamental forces govern interactions between particles: gravity, electromagnetism, the weak nuclear force, and the strong nuclear force. Three of these forces (electromagnetism, the weak nuclear force, and the strong nuclear force) have been unified under quantum field theory, but gravity remains ununified with quantum mechanics. Samarawickrama's consciousness-based mathematical model of reality unifies relativity and quantum mechanics, aiding in understanding the causation of gravity within the existing frameworks. Samarawickrama posits:
 * 1) Only consciousness and change are the fundamentals of reality underpinning awareness.
 * 2) Reality behaves to preserve awareness, causing the integrity of the experience.
 * 3) Gravity is a perception in awareness caused by consciousness and change.

As illustrated in Figure 1, reality behaves in a way that preserves awareness. That is the cause of the invariance of the speed of light in all uniformly moving reference frames, as postulated in special relativity. Further, space-time is a construct of awareness that is preserved in reality, complementing the constructs of conservation of energy and momentum, relativity, and quantum mechanics.

Understanding Consciousness and Change as Fundamental Principles
Consciousness is fundamental, underpinning heterogeneity, discreteness, causation, time, and memory. Samarawickrama explained how consciousness interplays with matter and energy, conserving energy and momentum. Consciousness creates matter, maintaining integrity between consciousness and reality. While everything is an effect of consciousness, not everything has consciousness. However, everything changes, so change is fundamental. Consciousness can be considered the fundamental cause, and change is the fundamental characteristic of reality. Consciousness is a sequential process relating to a single state of reality at a given instant, underpinning awareness when the process continues. Awareness, causation, correlation, space-time, and laws of nature emerge through this consciousness process, which is irreversible, making backward causation impossible.

Understanding Consciousness and Change as the Foundation of Fundamental Physics
Fundamental physics is understood through relativity or quantum physics, two frameworks that do not complement each other. Relativity explains reality based on the interaction of mass and energy in space-time, where position and momentum are certain. Quantum mechanics, however, is needed to explain reality at smaller scales, introducing uncertainty related to the observer's consciousness and the complexity of phenomena. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle describes the impossibility of knowing multiple physical quantities with perfect accuracy at the quantum scale. Awareness, limited by consciousness, brings uncertainty, emerging at the quantum scale. Time is a construct based on the awareness of change. Homogeneous environments without external change result in no experience of passing time or space boundaries, as perceived by consciousness. Self-awareness, unique to life forms, emerges from consciousness, enabling experiences of change without external awareness. Space-time and observations are relativistic experiences based on consciousness and change, modelled by Einstein's relativity.

Samarawickrama's previous work mapped the dimension of time into consciousness, unifying relativity and quantum physics. This unification, expressed by the equation $$hf_\mu = \frac{m_\mu}{\sqrt{1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}}}c^2$$, models the interplay of consciousness, matter, and energy, creating reality. Space-time, energy, and matter are not mutually exclusive from consciousness, maintaining the integrity of reality and life, the fundamental principle of causation.

Understanding Gravity Through the Lens of Consciousness
Gravity is a unique experience in reality. Relativity describes gravity as the bending of space-time near mass, but does not explain its causation. Samarawickrama's model replaces the concept of time with awareness, as time emerges through the consciousness of an event. This replacement introduces uncertainty into relativity, unifying relativity and quantum mechanics to understand quantum gravity.

In special relativity, awareness is preserved, with the number of consciousness cycles, atomic clock cycles, and pages read remaining consistent regardless of the spaceship's speed (Figure 2). In general relativity, preserved awareness causes the reader to move in a curved space-time near mass, maintaining consistent consciousness cycles, atomic clock cycles, and pages read (Figure 3).

Consciousness and the Governance of Reality: Exploring the Connection
Consciousness and change are fundamentals of reality, governing causation and creating the perception of awareness and time. Awareness emerges from consciousness, preserving the integrity of conscious experiences. Replacing time with consciousness explains the causation of relativity and gravity, integrating consciousness and change. This approach unifies relativity with quantum mechanics, establishing consciousness as a common base for understanding nature.

Attribution