Draft:Cyclome

Cyclome is a term used in systems biology to describe the comprehensive study of the menstrual cycle. The concept of cyclome encapsulates the temporal and dynamic variations that occur both within individual menstrual cycles and between different individuals who menstruate. It extends across various biological modalities, including the phenome, genome, transcriptome, metabolome, and proteome, illustrating their interactions and changes throughout the menstrual cycle.

The cyclome provides a framework for understanding these variations in a holistic manner, offering an alternative to normative descriptions  of the menstrual cycle. By focusing on individual differences and the complex interplay between different omics, the cyclome approach allows for a more personalized and accurate representation of menstrual health. The term was coined as part of the project description for the research project: The Omics Atlas of the Menstrual cycle

Multiomic
To illustrate, consider how steriod hormones levels fluctuate within a menstrual cycle. Traditional models might present a standard curve for hormone levels over a 28-day cycle. However, the cyclome approach recognizes that hormone levels can vary significantly from cycle to cycle and from person to person. This approach integrates data from various omics, such as:


 * Genomics: Variations in DNA sequences that may influence cycle characteristics.
 * Epigenome: Changes in modfication of the nucleotides like CpG methylation that may influence hene expresion.
 * Transcriptomics: Changes in gene expression levels throughout the cycle.
 * Proteomics: Fluctuations in protein levels and activity.
 * Metabolomics: Shifts in metabolic pathways and metabolite concentrations.
 * Phenomics: Observable physical and physiological changes.

By capturing these multidimensional data points, the cyclome provides a more comprehensive understanding of menstrual biology, emphasizing the natural diversity and individual variation of menstrual cycles.

Cyclome thus represents a significant advancement in menstrual cycle research, promoting a nuanced and inclusive view of menstrual health.

Cyclome and Migraine
The cyclome concept provides a valuable framework for examining the complex interplay between menstrual cycles and various biological modalities. One particularly relevant application of the cyclome is in understanding menstrual migraine. It is evident that migraines affect disproportionately more women than men, and for some women, there is an association between the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, or pre- and menopause. Studies indicate that up to 60% of women with migraines report a link between their migraines and their menstrual cycle.

In 1972, B. W. Somerville proposed the hypothesis that estradiol withdrawal plays a crucial role in the etiology of menstrual migraine. TThis hypothesis, suggesting that the sudden drop in estradiol levels triggers migraines in susceptible individuals, has been a topic of ongoing research and debate. Despite its age, the hypothesis has neither been conclusively proven nor disproven, reflecting the complexity of hormonal influences on migraine.

The cyclome approach encourages a comprehensive analysis of how various biological factors interact across the menstrual cycle, providing a nuanced understanding of conditions like menstrual migraine. By considering the dynamic and temporal variations of hormones and other biological markers, researchers can better elucidate the underlying mechanisms of menstrual-related health issues. There are several research projects that has adapted a holistic approach to womens health, and with recent initated study the term cyclome was coined, with aboved describtion, with the mission to map the "menstrual cyclome omics' atlas" and exomine the impact on migraine, see cyclome.dk.