Draft:Hyperactive precordium

Hyperactive precordium means the pathologic etiology of a hyperdynamic precordium. The

Hyperdynamic precordium refers to a physical finding that the heart beats strong enough to be palpated when one touches the precordial area (left lower chest). One can detect/palpate the forceful and hyperdynamic impulse of the precordial area during the cardiac examination. The forceful and hyperdynamic finding is appreciated as a fast impulse with a large amplitude that terminates quickly and does not sustain during the whole systolic phase of the heartbeat. Hyperdynamic precordium can represent a diseased status or just a normal finding of vigorous exercise or sudden, intense fear. The difference between hyperactive precordium and hyperdynamic precordium is that the former indicates the palpability of heartbeat with a pathological cause.

Possible causes of this forceful and hyperdynamic finding include as following:


 * state of increased volume work
 * exercise
 * hypermetabolic status, such as anemia, hyperthyroidism, high cardiac-output
 * volume overload status of the heart, such as severe aortic regurgitation(AR), severe mitral regurgitation(MR) or large left-to-right shunt.