Draft:J. Patrick Johnson, MD

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J. Patrick Johnson (born 1956) is a neurosurgeon and spinal surgeon in Los Angeles. He currently serves as the Director of the Spine Surgery Program and the Department of Neurosurgery at Cedars Sinai in Los Angeles. He is also lead surgeon for the stem cell transplant clinical trial at Cedars Sinai treating ALS patients that is the first study of this type in the world. He has served as Professor of Neurosurgery at UCLA, UC Irvine and UC Davis.

Johnson specializes in complex spinal diseases and has presented and published more than 500 articles, abstracts and book chapters and has co-edited several neurosurgical textbooks, including The Comprehensive Treatment of the Aging Spine: Minimally Invasive and Advanced Techniques (2010).

Early life and education
Johnson was born in Great Falls, Montana and was the son of a practicing neurosurgeon and registered nurse. He and his three brothers were raised on the family cattle ranch in the Missouri Breaks of Central Montana. He received his Bachelor's degree in 1978 from The Citadel in Charleston, South Carolina then entered medical and graduate school at the Oregon Health Sciences University in Portland, Oregon receiving both Master's and Doctor of Medicine degrees in 1986. He completed his post-graduate medical training in neurosurgery at UCLA in Los Angeles. He also had neurosurgery and spine fellowship training at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery in London, England and at the University of Tennessee.

Career
In 1993, Johnson was named Co-Director of the UCLA Comprehensive Spine Center, then became the Director of the Cedars Sinai Institute for Spinal Disorders in 2001. He has served as an Associate Professor of Neurosurgery at University of California-Irvine in Orange, California and served as Professor of Neurosurgery at University of California-Davis in Sacramento, California.

Johnson is a leader in education and research publishing over 500 peer reviewed manuscripts, books, chapters and abstracts in modern spinal surgery as well as training 97 spine surgery surgery fellows in both Neurosurgery and Orthopedic Surgery who are leaders in spinal surgery across the United States and abroad. He is revered as a "physicians surgeon" where his physician colleagues often seek his care for themselves and family as well his reputation as a complex spinal deformity surgeon who has performed over 13,000 spinal surgical procedures.

Current research is serving as the lead surgeon for the stem cell transplantation clinical trial at Cedars Sinai involving treatment of patients with ALS (Lou Gehrig's Disease) that is Phase 1 trial as a safety study starting in 2017 that is funded by the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM). The trial involves injection of stems into the spinal cord of patients with a moderately severe form of ALS who are still ambulatory (i.e. walking and not having breathing problems) not having imminent coexistent medical problems that would preclude them at this stage of the trial.

Johnson has served as volunteer around the world teaching neurosurgeon in underserved countries and also serving as a trauma neurosurgeon during the Iraq was at Lanstuhl Army hospital in Germany. He also served as an educator with the Foundation of Education in Neurosurgery (FEINS) and also founding The Spine Institute Foundation, to provide educational funding for students interested in spinal disorders supporting spine surgery fellows, residents, college students and even high school students who are interested in learning about the spine.

Johnson has served on the editorial staff of multiple scientific journals that include: International Journal of Spine Surgery, The Spine Journal, World Journal of Surgery, Surgical Neurology, Journal of Critical Spine Cases, and Neurosurgery. He also has served as a committee member for professional societies that include the Executive Committee, AANS/CNS Spine Section and the Neurosurgical Society of American and the California Association of Neurological Surgeons.

Johnson serves as a consultant for National Football League (NFLL as an "Unaffiliated" Neurotrauma Consultant working on the playing field assessing immediate player injuries in conjunction with team physicians when players are evaluated for possible concussions and spinal injuries. He has also served as a consultant for the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA) for evalution of injured rodeo athletes.

Selected publications
Ament JD, Petros J, Zabehi T, Yee R, Johnson JP, Vokshoor A. A Prospective Study of Lumbar Facet Arthroplasty in the Treatment of Degenerative Spondylolisthesis and Stenosis: Cost-effective Assessment from the Total Posterior Spine (TOPSTM) System IDE Study: 2-Year Model Revision and Sensitivity Analyses Based on 305 Subjects. Spine J. 2024 Jan 20:S1529-9430(24)00011-1. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2024.01.004

Cohen JD, Ravinsky RA, Khan MA, Sossaman J, Kim TT, Woods K, Naruse R, Batzdorf U, Johnson JP: A Novel Untethering and Duroplasty Technique for Postsurgical Tethered Spinal Cord. Cureus 2023 Jan 24: 15(1): e34137. doi:10.7759/cureus.34137 PMID: 36843731

Baloh RH, Johnson JP, Avalos P, Allred M, Svendsen, S, Gowing G, Roxas K, Wu A, Donahue B, Osborne S, Lawless G, Shelley B, Wheeler K, Prina C, Fine D, Kendra-Romito T, Stokes H, Manoukian V, Muthukumaran A, Garcia L, Banuelos M, Godoy M, Bresee C, Yu H, Drazin DG, Ross LB, Naruse R, Babu H, Macklin EA, Vo A, Elsayegh A, Tourtellotte W, Maya MM, Burford M, Diaz F, Patil CG, Lewis RA, Svendsen CH: Transplantation of human neural progenitor cells secreting GDNF into the spinal cord of patients with ALS: a phase 1/2a trial. Nat Med. 2022 Sep 5. doi: 10.1038/s41591-022-01956-3. PMID: 36064599

Martin CT, Holton KJ, Elder BD, Fogelman JL, Mikula KL, Kleck CJ, Calabrese D, Burger EL, Ou-Yang D, Patel V, Kim HJ, Lovecchio F, Hu S, Wood KB, Harper R, Yoon ST, Ananthakrisnnan D, Michael KW, Schell AJ, Lieberman I, Kisinde S, Dewald CJ, Nolte MT, Colman MW, Phillips FM, Gelb D, BrucknerJ, Ross LB, Johnson JP, Kim TT, Anand N, Cheng JS, Plummer ZJ, Park P, Oppenlander ME, Sembrano JN, Jones KE, Polly D: Catastrophic acute failure of pelvic fixation in adult spinal deformity requiring revision surgery: a multicenter review of incidence, failure mechanisms and risk factors. J Neurosurg Spine. 2022 Sep 2;1-9. doi: 10.3171/2022.6.SPINE211559. PMID: 36057123

Sharma M, Uddin SA, Hanna GK, Ugiliweneza B, Kim TT, Johnson JP, Boakye M, Drazin DG: Trends and Long-term Health Care Utilization of Computer Assisted Neuronavigation in Spine fusions: An Exact Matched Analysis of National Administrative database. World Neurosurg. 2022 Aug 6:S1878-8750(22)01066-X. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.07.116. Online ahead of print. PMID: 35944855

Ament JD, Vokshoor A, Badr Y, Lanman T, Kim KD, Johnson JP: A Prospective Study of Lumbar Facet Arthroplasty in the Treatment of Degenerative Spondylolisthesis and Stenosis: Early Cost-effective Assessment from the Total Posterior Spine System (TOPS™) IDE Study. J Health Econ Outcomes Res. 2022 Mar 25;9(1):82-89. doi: 10.36469/001c.33035. eCollection 2022.PMID: 35620455

Hanna G, Kim TT, Uddin SA, Ross LB, Johnson JP: Video-assisted thoracoscopic image guided surgery: evolution of 19 years of experience, from endoscopy to fully integrated 3D navigation. Neurosurg Focus. 2021 Jan;50(1):E8. doi: 10.3171/2020.10.FOCUS20792.PMID: 33386009

Ryu R, Behrens PH, Burkert BA, Johnson JP, Kim TT: Two-level cervical disc arthroplasty in patients with Klippel-Feil syndrome: A case report and review of the literature. Surgical Neurol Int. 2020 Oct 2;11:322. .doi: 25259/SNI_587_2020. eCollection 2020PMID: 33093999

Ghostine SS, Kaloostian PE, Ordookhanian S, Zarrini P, Kim TT, Scibelli SS, Schoeb SJ, Samudrala SS, Lauryssen C, Gill AS, Johnson JP: Improving C1-C2 Complex Fusion Rates: An Alternate Approach. Cureus 2017 Nov; 9(11): e1887. Published online 2017 Nov 29. doi: 10.7759/cureus.1887. PMCID: PMC5788400. PMID: 29392099

Ament J, Karnati, T, Kulubya E, Kim KD, Johnson JP: Treatment of cervical radiculopathy: A review of the evolution and the economics. Surg Neurol Int. 2018 Feb14;9:35. 10.4103/sni.sni_441_17eCollection 2018

Drazin DG, Bhamb N, Al-Khouja L, Kappel AD, Kim TT, Johnson JP, Brien E: Image-guided resection of aggressive sacral tumors. Neurosurgical Focus 42 (1):E15, 2017.

Shweikeh F Al-Khouja L, Nuno M, Johnson JP, Drazin DG, Adamo MA: Disparities in Clinical and Economic outcomes in children and adolescents following surgery for tethered cord syndrome in the United States. J Neurosurg: Pediatrics Vol 15(4):427-33, April 2015.

Drazin D, Al-Khouja L, Lagman C, Ugiliweneza B, Shweikeh F, Johnson JP, Kim TT, Boakye M.: Scoliosis surgery in the elderly: Complications, readmissions, reoperations and mortality. J Clin Neurosci. 2016 Dec; 34:158-161.

Nasser R, Drazin DG, Al-Khouja L, Brien E, Nakhla J, Baron EM, Kim TT, Johnson JP, Yassari R: Resection of spinal column tumors utilizing image-guided navigation: a multicenter analysis. Neurosurgical Focus 41 (2): E15, 2016.

Drazin DG, Ugiliweneza B, Al-Khouja L, Yang D, Johnson JP, Kim TT, Boakye: Treatment of recurrent disc herniation: A systematic review. Cureus 8(5): e622. doi:10.7759/cureus.622. May 23, 2016.

Drazin DG, NuÑo M, Shweikeh F, Vaccaro AR, Baron EM, Kim TT, Johnson JP: Outcomes and national trends for the surgical treatment of lumbar spine trauma. Biomed Research International. Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016:3623875. doi: 10.1155/2016/3623875

Kim TT, Johnson JP, Pashman RS, Drazin DG: Minimally invasive spinal surgery with intraoperative image-guided navigation: Clinical Study. BioMed Research International Volume 2016 (2016), Article ID 5716235, 7

Al-Khouja L, Shweikeh F, Pashman RS, Johnson JP, Kim TT, Drazin DG: Economics of Image Guidance and Navigation in Spine Surgery. Surg Neurol Int 2015 Jun 25;6(Suppl 10):S323-6.

Drazin DG, Kim TT, Johnson JP: Simultaneous Lateral Interbody Fusion and Posterior Percutaneous Instrumentation: Early Experience and Technical Considerations," BioMed Research International, vol. 2015, Article ID 458284, 8 pages, 2015. doi:10.1155/2015/458284.

Drazin DG, Hussain M, Harris J, Hao J, Phillips M, Kim TT, Johnson JP, Bucklen B: The Role of Sacral Slope in Lumbosacral Fusion – A Biomechanical Study. J Neurosurg Spine. 2015 Dec;23(6):754-62.

Johnson JP, Drazin DG, King WA, Kim TT: Image-Guided Navigation and Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Spine Surgery: The Second Generation. Neurosurg Focus 36 (3) 2014

Drazin DG, Al-Khouja L, Baron EM, Kim TT, Johnson JP: Cost-effectiveness analysis in minimally invasive spine surgery. Neurosurgery 2014 Aug;61 Suppl 1:206-7.

Hsieh J, Drazin DG, Firempong A, Pashman RS, Johnson JP, Kim TT: Accuracy of intraoperative computed-tomography image-guided surgery (CT-IGS) in placing pedicle and pelvic screws for primary versus revision spine surgery. Neurosurg Focus 36 (3) 2014.

Schievink W, Chu RM, Maya MM, Johnson JP, Cohen HC: Spinal manifestations of spontaneous intracranial hypotension: J Neurosurg: Spine. Vol. 18/1(96-101), 1547-5646, January 2013.

Shirzadi AS, Drazin DG, Gates M, Shirzadi N, Bannykh S, Fan X, Hunt L, Baron EM, King WA, Kim TT, Johnson JP: Surgical management of primary spinal hemangiopericytomas: an institutional case series and review of the literature. Eur Spine J. May;22 Suppl 3:S450-9, 2013.

Ghostine S, Vaynman S, Schoeb JS, Cambron HO, King WA, Samudrala S, Johnson JP. Image-guided thoracoscopic resection of thoracic dumbbell nerve sheath tumors. Neurosurgery 70(2):461-468, February 2012.

Drazin D, Shirzadi S, Jeswani S, Ching H, Rosner J, Rasouli A, Kim TT, Pashman RS, Johnson JP: Direct surgical repair of lumbar spondylolysis in athletes: indications, techniques, and outcomes. Neurosurg Focus 31 (5):E9, November 2011.

Samudrala S, Vaynman S, Thiayananthan T, Ghostine S, Bergey DL, Pashman RS, Johnson JP:. Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy for Kyphosis of the Cervicothoracic Junction: A New Approach, Journal of Neurosurgery-Spine, 13(6): p695-706 December 2010.

Mundwiler ML, Siddique K, Dym JM, Perri B, Johnson JP, Weisman MH. Complications of the spine in ankylosing spondylitis with a focus on deformity correction. Neurosurg Focus 24 (1): E6, 2008.

Villavicencio AT, Burneikene S, Pashman RS, Johnson, JP,: Spinal Artificial Disc Replacement: Cervical Arthroplasty; Part I: History, Design, and Types of Artificial Discs. Contemporary Neurosurgery 29(12); June 15, 2007.

Wagner W, Regan JJ, Leary SP, Lanman TH, Johnson JP, Rao RK, C                                                                                                                                                                                                           ossman D: Access strategies for revision or explantation of the Charité lumbar artificial disc replacement. Journal of Vascular Surgery, Dec;44(6):1266-72, 2006.

Holly LT, Bloch O, Johnson JP: Evaluation of registration techniques for spinal image guidance. J Neurosurg: Spine 4(4)323-8, Apr 2006.

Johnson JP, Stokes JK, Oskouian RJ, Choi WW, King W: Image-guided thoracoscopic spinal surgery: a merging of two technologies. Spine 30(19): E572-E578, October 2005.

Villavicencio AT, Oskouian R, Roberson FC, Stokes JK, Park J and Johnson JP: Thoracolumbar vertebral reconstruction of metastatic spinal tumors: long-term outcomes. Neurosurg Focus 19(3):E8, September 2005.

Johnson JP, Pashman RS, Lauryssen C, Anand N, Regan JJ, Bray RS: The changing role for neurosurgeons and the treatment spinal deformity. J Neurosurg Spine 2(3): 233-242, March 2005.