Draft:List of gynecological diseases

Gynecological disorders are any disturbance, weakness, inflammation and swelling in the functioning of female genital or reproductive organs. Gynecological diseases and disorders in the female body encompass a wide range of conditions affecting the female reproductive system that can significantly impact a woman's health, wellness, and fertility. However, a list of gynecological diseases can affect a woman's reproductive system, physical health and other parts of her body.

Endometriosis Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Uterine Fibroids Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Ovarian Cyst Pelvic Organ Prolapse Cervical Dysplasia Vaginitis Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) Menopause and Perimenopause Ovarian Cancer Uterine Cancer Cervical Cancer Vulvar Cancer Vaginal Cancer Bartholin's Cyst Adenomyosis Dysmenorrhea (Painful Menstruation) Amenorrhea (Absence of Menstruation) Irregular Menstruation Menorrhagia (Heavy Menstrual Bleeding) Ovarian Torsion Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) Ectopic Pregnancy Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Female Sexual Arousal disorder Atrophic vaginitis Vaginal Fistula Vaginal Prolapse Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) Interstitial Cystitis Genital Herpes Genital Warts (HPV) Chlamydia Gonorrhea Syphilis Trichomoniasis Bacterial Vaginosis Yeast Infection (Vaginal Candidiasis) Uterine Polyps Endometrial Hyperplasia Endometrial Cancer Endometritis Asherman's Syndrome Female Infertility Pelvic Congestion Syndrome Vaginal Septum Vulvodynia Fibrocystic breast changes Postcoital bleeding Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Endometriosis Endometriosis is when the tissue lining the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterus. This misplaced tissue can cause severe pelvic pain, painful menstruation, pain during sexual intercourse, and infertility. Treatment options may include pain management, hormonal therapy, or surgery to remove the affected tissue.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) PCOS is a hormonal disorder characterized by cysts on the ovaries, irregular menstrual cycles, excessive hair growth, acne, and weight gain. It may also lead to fertility problems. Lifestyle modifications, such as weight loss and exercise, along with hormonal medications, can help manage the symptoms of Polycystic ovary syndrome.

Uterine Fibroids Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths that develop in the uterus and can cause heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain or pressure, frequent urination, and difficulty conceiving. Treatment options range from medication to surgical procedures, depending on the size and severity of the uterine fibroids.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) PID is an infection of the female reproductive organs, usually caused by sexually transmitted bacteria, symptoms may include lower abdominal pain, fever, abnormal vaginal discharge, and painful urination. Prompt medical treatment with anti bacterial medicince is crucial to prevent complications such as infertility, ectopic pregnancy, or chronic pelvic pain.

Ovarian Cysts Fluid-filled sacs called ovarian cysts develop on or inside the ovaries, while most cysts are benign and go away independently, a few can hurt, make you feel bloated, or alter your menstrual cycle. If the cyst is significant, chronic, or producing severe symptoms, observation, medication, or surgery may be the best course of action.

Pelvic Organ Prolapse Pelvic organ prolapse is when the tissues and muscles that support the pelvic organs become weak, resulting in the descent of organs like the bladder, uterus, or rectum into the vaginal canal. Urinary incontinence, a sense of pressure or weight in the pelvic area, and discomfort during sexual activity are all symptoms. Exercises for the pelvic floor are one treatment option, along with surgery.

Cervical Dysplasia Cervical dysplasia describes abnormal alterations in the cervix's cells, frequently brought on by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Usually, it is found during routine Pap tests. However, more severe cases can necessitate procedures like colposcopy, biopsy, or surgical excision of the abnormal tissue, although milder cases might resolve independently.

Vaginitis Vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina that is frequently brought on by diseases, including yeast infections, bacterial vaginosis, or STDs. Itching, unusual discharge, soreness, and discomfort are among the symptoms. Many treatment options can involve antifungal or antibiotic medications depending on the underlying reason.

PMS (Premenstrual Syndrome) Premenstrual syndrome is a collection of mental and physical symptoms that appear in the days or weeks preceding menstruation. Mood swings, bloating, breast discomfort, exhaustion, and irritability are typical symptoms. Although the actual etiology of PMS is uncertain, hormonal changes and neurotransmitter abnormalities are considered contributory factors.

PMDD, or premenstrual dysphoric disorder PMDD's severe emotional and physical symptoms, a form of PMS, substantially impact a woman's everyday life. Extreme mood swings, depression, anxiety, impatience, exhaustion, and physical discomfort are possible symptoms.

Menopause and Perimenopause The end of a woman's reproductive years is marked by menopause, usually between 45 and 55. The period just before menopause is referred to as the perimenopause. Hormone levels change at this time, causing irregular periods, vaginal dryness, hot flashes, nocturnal sweats, and mood changes.

Ovarian Cancer The ovaries, the female reproductive organs that generate eggs and hormones, can develop a malignant ovarian cancer tumor. Subtle symptoms include urine urgency, stomach bloating, pelvic pain, and difficulty eating. It is vital to be aware of potential symptoms and seek medical assistance as soon as possible because early detection is difficult.Targeted therapy, chemotherapy, and surgery are available as treatment options.

Uterine Cancer Endometrial cancer, sometimes called uterine cancer, starts in the uterine lining. Common symptoms include postmenopausal bleeding, unusual vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, and an enlarged uterus. Surgery to remove the uterus and occasionally other damaged structures is the primary form of treatment. Chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and radiation therapy are possible further therapies. Cervical Cancer The cervix cells, the lower portion of the uterus that attaches to the vagina, are where cervical cancer begins. The leading cause is persistent infection with high-risk strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV). Atypical vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, discomfort during sexual activity, and watery or bloody vaginal discharge are possible symptoms. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or targeted therapy, depending on the cancer stage. Vulvar Cancer Vulvar cancer is an uncommon form of cancer that develops on the vulva, the outer surface of the female genitalia. Itching, soreness, tenderness, changes in skin tone, or the presence of an ulcer or lump are possible symptoms. Surgery to remove the malignant tissue is the first step in treatment, frequently followed by chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

Vaginal Cancer The cells lining the vagina are where vaginal cancer begins to grow. It is a rare illness, and symptoms can include chronic vaginal discharge, irregular vaginal bleeding, pain during sex, or a tumor in the vagina. Surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are available as treatments. Bartholin's Cyst When the Bartholin's glands, which are situated on either side of the vaginal opening, become clogged, fluid builds up and forms a cyst known as a Bartholin's cyst. A painless lump or swelling may develop close to the vaginal entrance. An abscess may develop if the cyst gets infected.

Adenomyosis The disorder known as adenomyosis occurs when the tissue that ordinarily borders the uterus transforms into the uterine muscles. This may result in severe cramping, prolonged or heavy menstrual bleeding, and pelvic pain. Medication to treat symptoms, hormone therapy, or surgery in extreme situations are all possible treatments. Dysmenorrhea (Painful Menstruation) Severe menstrual cramps that can disrupt daily activities are referred to as dysmenorrhea. It may be primary (occurring independently, with no underlying disease) or secondary (resulting from an underlying disease such as endometriosis or fibroids).

Amenorrhea (Absence of Menstruation) Menstrual periods are absent with amenorrhea. It may be primary (by age 16, menstruation has never begun) or secondary (in women who have previously experienced regular periods, menstruation has stopped for at least three months). Hormonal imbalances, pregnancy, nursing, particular drugs, or underlying medical disorders are some causes. The underlying reason determines the course of treatment.

Irregular Menstruation Variations in menstrual cycle length or changes in menstrual flow are indicators of irregular menstrual cycles. The causes may be polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), thyroid conditions, stress, excessive activity, or hormonal imbalances. Depending on the underlying cause, treatment options include hormone therapy, natural remedies and dietary changes.

Heavy menstrual bleeding, or menorrhagia Menstrual bleeding that is excessively heavy or persistent is referred to as menorrhagia. In addition, adenomyosis, uterine fibroids, polyps, hormonal abnormalities, or other medical disorders may bring it on. Medications to lessen bleeding, hormone therapy, or operations like hysterectomy or endometrial ablation are all possible treatments.

Ovarian Torsion When its blood supply is cut off, an ovary torse causes ovarian torsion. This may result in vomiting, nausea, and excruciating stomach discomfort. It is a medical emergency that needs to be treated immediately with surgery to untwist the ovary and get the blood flowing again.

Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) Complications from fertility treatments, particularly in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF), might include OHSS. Bloating, fluid retention, enlarged ovaries, and abdominal pain characterize it. Rest, hydration, and regular monitoring are part of the treatment to avoid problems.

Ectopic Pregnancy A fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, typically in the fallopian tube, in an ectopic pregnancy, a potentially fatal illness. Abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, shoulder pain, and dizziness are possible symptoms. Ectopic pregnancies cannot be carried to term and must be treated immediately to avoid significant complications like rupture.

Gestational Trophoblastic Disease An uncommon malignancy known as gestational trophoblastic disease arises from aberrant placental tissue after pregnancy. It covers illnesses like choriocarcinoma and molar pregnancies. Unusual vaginal bleeding, an enlarged uterus, nausea, and vomiting are possible symptoms. Surgery is usually used to remove the abnormal tissue; chemotherapy may also be used occasionally.

Female Sexual Arousal disorder Female sexual dysfunction refers to various issues that may prevent a woman from feeling sexually satisfied. Low libido, problems with arousal or orgasm, pain during sexual activity (dyspareunia), and vaginismus (involuntary muscular contractions) are some of these issues. Depending on the underlying cause, treatment options may include counseling, therapy, hormone therapy, natural remedies or medication.

Vaginal Atrophy When estrogen levels fall, frequently during menopause, the vaginal walls become thin, dry, and inflammatory, resulting in vaginal atrophy, also known as atrophic vaginitis. Dryness of the vagina, itchiness, pain during sex, and greater susceptibility to infections are some symptoms. To treat symptoms and enhance vaginal health, lubricants, vaginal moisturizers, or hormone therapy may be used.

Vaginal Fistula An improper connection between the vagina and another organ, such as the bladder or rectum, is a vaginal fistula. Recurrent infections and urinary or fecal incontinence are possible outcomes. The treatment entails surgery to close the fistula and restore normal body functions.

Vaginal Prolapse When the muscles and tissues supporting the vagina deteriorate, the vagina protrudes or sags. This condition is known as vaginal prolapse. This may result in discomfort, fecal or urine incontinence, and problems having sexual relations. Exercises to strengthen the pelvic floor, pessaries (supporting devices), or surgery to rectify the prolapse are all possible treatments.

UTIs (urinary tract infections) Bacterial infections, called urinary tract infections, can damage the bladder and urethra, among other areas of the urinary system. Strong, recurring urges to urinate, burning while urinating, murky urine, or pelvic pain are some symptoms that may be present. Antibiotics are frequently used in treatment to eradicate the disease.

Interstitial Cystitis Interstitial cystitis, sometimes called painful bladder syndrome, is a chronic illness marked by urinary urgency, frequency, and bladder pain. It may have a substantial effect on someone's quality of life. Dietary changes, symptom-relieving drugs, bladder instillations, and nerve stimulation procedures are all possible forms of treatment.

Genital Herpes Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is the source of the sexually transmitted disease known as genital herpes. During outbreaks, it manifests as itching, genital sores, and flu-like symptoms. Antiviral drugs can help manage symptoms, lessen the frequency of outbreaks, and lower the risk of transmission, even though there is no known cure for herpes.

(HPV) Genital Warts Certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV) are responsible for genital warts, which are spread during intercourse. In the vaginal region, they manifest as tiny, flesh-colored growths or clusters. Topical medicines, cryotherapy, or surgical removal are available as treatments.

Chlamydia The bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is the prevalent sexually transmitted infection known as chlamydia. It frequently shows no symptoms at first but, if addressed, can result in significant side effects such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and infertility. Chlamydia is treated with antibiotics.

Gonorrhea The bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the source of the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhea. It may result in symptoms including uncomfortable urination, unusual vaginal discharge, or genital irritation. Gonorrhea problems like PID might develop if it is not treated. To eradicate the infection, antibiotic therapy is required.

Syphilis Treponema pallidum, a bacterium, is the source of the sexually transmitted disease known as syphilis. It develops in phases and can result in various symptoms, such as rash, fever, chancres (painless sores), and organ damage if untreated. Syphilis is treated with antibiotics.

Trichomoniasis Trichomonas vaginalis, a parasite, is the frequent sexually transmitted infection known as trichomoniasis, vaginal itchiness, discharge, discomfort during sexual activity, and burning while urination is all possible symptoms. To prevent reinfection, both spouses are frequently medicated.

Bacterial Vaginosis An imbalance in the bacterial flora of the vagina causes bacterial vaginosis, which manifests as symptoms like a fishy odor, discharge from the vagina, itching, and burning. Although not regarded as an STI, it can raise the chance of issues, including preterm birth. Bacterial vaginosis is treated with antibiotics.

Vaginal Yeast Infection (Vaginal Candidiasis) A Candida fungal overgrowth in the vagina leads to vaginal candidiasis, also referred to as a yeast infection. Itching, burning, vaginal discharge, and pain during sex are other symptoms. Yeast infections are treated with antifungal drugs sold over the counter or on prescription.

Uterine Polyps Growths called uterine polyps develop on the endometrium, the uterus' inner lining. They can result in irregular bleeding, heavy periods, or problems with conception and are often non-cancerous. Hormone replacement therapy or surgical polyp excision are possible treatments.

Endometrial Hyperplasia Endometrial hyperplasia describes the endometrium, or uterine lining, growing too much. It may raise the risk of endometrial cancer and result in irregular uterine bleeding. Surgery or hormone therapy may be used as a form of treatment, depending on the type and degree of the hyperplasia.

Endometrial Cancer Endometrial carcinoma is a form of cancer that appears in the endometrium, the lining of the uterus. The three most typical symptoms are postmenopausal bleeding, atypical vaginal bleeding, or pelvic pain. Surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy are all available as treatment options.

Endometritis Inflammation of the endometrium is known as endometritis, and it typically results from a bacterial infection after childbirth, a miscarriage, or other medical operations. Fever, pelvic pain, unusual vaginal discharge, and uterine tenderness are some symptoms. To treat the illness, antibiotics are frequently administered.

Asherman's Syndrome In the uterus, Asherman's syndrome is a disorder marked by the development of scar tissue, frequently due to prior uterine surgery or severe infections. It may result in irregular menstrual cycles, infertility, or repeated miscarriages. Hysteroscopic surgery may be used to remove scar tissue and repair the uterus cavity.

Female Infertility Female infertility is the inability to get pregnant while having regular, unprotected sexual contact for a year. Ovulatory disorders, obstructed fallopian tubes, hormone imbalances, or anatomical abnormalities are just a few of the explanations that it may have. Assisted reproductive technologies (such as in vitro fertilization) and surgical procedures are available as treatment alternatives.

Pelvic Congestion Syndrome Chronic pelvic pain brought on by varicose veins in the pelvis is a defining feature of the illness known as pelvic congestion syndrome. Aching or heaviness in the pelvis, pain during or after sexual activity, or pain that worsens with extended standing are all possible symptoms. The varicose veins may be treated with less invasive surgeries, hormone therapy, or pain management.

Vaginal Septum An unnatural wall or partition within the vagina, known as a vaginal septum, is typically present from birth. It may make it difficult to have sex, get your period, or give birth. The septum may need to be removed or corrected surgically.

Vulvodynia Chronic pain or discomfort in the vulva is known as vulvodynia, frequently described as burning, stinging, or rawness. Although the specific origin is uncertain, nerve inflammation or hypersensitivity may be a contributing factor. Medications, topical remedies, physical therapy, and nerve blocks are all possible forms of treatment solutions of vulvodynia.

Inflammatory Disease (PID) An illness of the female reproductive system known as pelvic inflammatory disease is typically brought on by gonorrhea or chlamydia, two sexually transmitted bacteria. It may result in fever, vaginal discharge, stomach ache, and painful sex. Prompt antibiotic treatment is required to avoid consequences like infertility or persistent pelvic pain.

Breast fibrosis changes A condition known as fibrocystic breast alterations, commonly referred to as fibrocystic breasts or fibrocystic breast disease, is characterized by the development of benign (non-cancerous) lumps or cysts in the breast tissue. It is a widespread disorder that predominantly affects fertile females.

Breast pain or tenderness, swelling or thickness, tiny, fluid-filled cysts, and generalized breast discomfort are all signs of fibrocystic breast alterations. These signs and symptoms frequently change with the menstrual cycle and are usually most apparent just before menstruation starts.

Postcoital bleeding Postcoital bleeding is a dangerous gynecological disease in which blood is discharged from the vagina of a woman during or immediately after sexual intercourse. Vaginal bleeding is a common occurrence in women only during menstruation. It is not, but it can be a precursor of an acute disease, and post-coital bleeding is one of them.Treatment of postcoital bleeding disease requires careful and sensible treatment, which is important for the eradication of the disease.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) HIV weakens the immune system and makes it more difficult to fight infections because it targets CD4 cells. Many bodily fluids, including blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk, are the primary transmission means. Standard transmission methods include unprotected sex, sharing needles, and mother-to-child transmission. Air, water, insect bites, or casual contact are not ways that HIV can spread. Fever, exhaustion, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, rash, and muscle aches are among the early symptoms that can appear. These symptoms are usually transient.