Draft:Paul LaViolette

Paul Alex LaViolette (November 8, 1947 – December 19, 2022) was an American polymath physicist, systems scientist, inventor, and author notable for his 1986 theoretical model of the Universe.

The LaViolette Model of the Universe is considered the most persuasive formulation of the tired light class of redshift mechanisms and has gained support amongst opponents of the Big Bang theory of physics. The model's validity was never disproved, and no known data forbid it.

LaViolette Universe
In 1986, LaViolette published a seminal paper in the Astrophysical Journal proposing a physical model of the universe from the tired light class of hypothetical redshift mechanisms. In that model, as photons lose energy along their paths due to some interaction, the relative loss of energy is proportionate to the length of that path.

In fundamental physics, four claims are extant in the literature concerning the dependence of redshifts on distance in the World map; only one of the following is correct:
 * The relation is linear everywhere, at all distances and times. The Standard Model requires it;
 * The relation is approximately quadratic locally (to cz ~ 4000 km s-1); thereafter it becomes linear;
 * The relation is quadratic everywhere;
 * The relation is exponential as 1 + z = exp (HrR/c) (cf. LaViolette).

LaViolette has compared the tired light cosmology to the Standard Model of an expanding universe on four different observational tests, finding that the tired light hypothesis was superior on each.

Besides an early ad hoc dispute, the LaViolette model's validity has never been scientifically disproven. No data currently forbid the LaViolette model.

Reception
In a 2018 paper, Milan M. Ćirković and Slobodan Perović, stated that the LaViolette model gives "one of the most cogent formulations" of the tired-light alternative to the Big Bang model, though the pair characterize tired-light alternatives to the Big Bang as experimentally refuted and pseudoscientific.

A variety of physicists supported the LaViolette Universe, most notably the leading Big Bang opponents who praised it for its plausibility and superior simplicity, such as Jean-Claude Pecker, Grote Reber, Jean-Pierre Vigier, Gérard de Vaucouleurs, and Paul Marmet who regarded it as extremely important for the comprehension of our universe as it gives best fit to data without need for ad hoc assumptions like that on rapid galaxy evolution.

Some other researchers support the 'tired light' theory within LaViolette's model of the universe, arguing it aligns better with observed data than traditional evolutionary cosmology.

Priority claims
LaViolette publicly claimed several fundamental scientific discoveries:

Subquantum kinetics
In 1985, LaViolette proposed the subquantum kinetics (SQK) theory - a new fundamental interpretation of gravitation. According to SQK, physically realistic particle-like structures having mass and charge generate gravity potential fields capable of exerting forces on neighboring particles but whose strength declines to zero beyond distances of ~10 kpc, thus eliminating the need to assume the presence of dark matter.

Gravity in that scientific paradigm plays a broader role than in standard physics: creates subcritical conditions in intergalactic space that foster nonconservative photon energy damping - tired light redshifting, thus providing a static universe interpretation of the cosmological redshift.

Galactic core bursts
LaViolette was the first foreign scientist who was allowed access to samples collected during the deep drilling experiment conducted at Russia's Antarctica scientific station at Vostok. He intended to use the samples to verify the correctness of his Galactic bursts hypothesis, according to which the central region of the Milky Way Galaxy periodically outbursts very-high-energy particles that reach the Earth where they moderate the climate.

Inventions and patents
Air-sampling equipment.

Advising
Goals for Mankind.

Environmental Protection Agency and the Department of Energy

The United Nations

Activism
LaViolette has advocated open government and declassification of governmental records on advanced propulsion technologies. He has claimed in an interview with George Noory that technology enabling space travel from Earth to Mars in under five days exists but is not made available yet.

Life and death
Paul LaViolette was born on 8 November 1947 in Schenectady, New York, to scientist parents. His father, American physicist Fred LaViolette, worked as an engineer on the Manhattan Project. His Greek mother, Irene LaViolette, was a chemist.

LaViolette died on 19 December 2022 while at his second home in Greece. He is interred at the Zographou Cemetery in Athens, Greece.