Draft:Personalized Medicine: A New Era in Healthcare


 * 1) Personalized Medicine


 * 1) Introduction

Personalized medicine, also referred to as precision medicine, is a medical model that separates people into different groups—with medical decisions, practices, interventions and/or products being tailored to the individual patient based on their predicted response or risk of disease [^1^][1].


 * 1) Background

The concept of personalized medicine materialized in the 1990s, following advances in DNA sequencing technology, including automation and increased throughput [^2^][2]. Developments in pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics greatly aided progress in understanding the molecular factors underlying the influence of individual genetic constitution on disease and therapeutics [^2^][2].


 * 1) Main Content


 * 1) Development of Concept

In personalized medicine, diagnostic testing is often employed for selecting appropriate and optimal therapies based on the patient's genetics or other molecular or cellular characteristics [^1^][1]. The use of genetic information has played a major role in certain aspects of personalized medicine (e.g., pharmacogenomics) [^1^][1].


 * 1) Difference between Precision Medicine and Personalized Medicine

Precision medicine is a medical model that proposes the customization of healthcare, with medical decisions, treatments, practices, or products being tailored to a subgroup of patients, instead of a one‐drug‐fits‐all model [^1^][1].


 * 1) Future of Personalized Medicine

The International Consortium for Personalised Medicine (ICPerMed) presents its vision of how personalized medicine will transform healthcare by 2030, focusing on five perspectives and four pillars [^3^][3].


 * 1) See Also

- Genomics

- Pharmacogenomics

- Precision Medicine Initiative