Draft:RAMSES

RAMSES (Rapid Apophis Mission for Space Safety) is a proposed European Space Agency (ESA) mission designed to study the asteroid 99942 Apophis during its close flyby of Earth in 2029. The mission aims to contribute to planetary defense and advance our understanding of asteroids.

Background
The concept for RAMSES arose from concerns about potential asteroid impacts following the 1994 impact of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter. Apophis, while posing no immediate threat, will pass approximately 32,000 km from Earth's surface in 2029, providing a unique opportunity for close observation.

Objectives
RAMSES is planned to launch in April 2028 to rendezvous with Apophis by February 2029, prior to its close approach to Earth. The mission aims to:
 * Characterize Apophis' size, shape, rotation, and internal structure.
 * Monitor dynamic changes induced by Earth's gravitational forces, such as tidal forces and surface disturbances.
 * Provide scientific insights into asteroid composition, structure, and evolution.

Instruments
RAMSES will be equipped with advanced scientific instruments including visible cameras, thermal infrared imagers, laser altimeters, low-frequency radars, and CubeSats for enhanced data collection and relay capabilities.

Timeline and Collaboration
Preparatory work for RAMSES began in July 2024, pending final approval at ESA's Ministerial Council meeting in November 2025. The mission collaborates with NASA's OSIRIS-REx mission redirected towards Apophis, demonstrating international cooperation in planetary defense efforts.

Significance
RAMSES aims not only to advance scientific understanding of asteroids but also to inform future planetary defense strategies. By studying Apophis' response to Earth's gravity, the mission seeks to enhance global preparedness for potential asteroid impacts.