Draft:Siena College First Ladies Study

The Siena College First Ladies Study is a study that has been conducted on six separate occasions< by the Siena College Research Institute to measure expert assessments of the first ladies of the United States.

The study asks historians, political scientists, and political scholars to assess the first ladies on ten criteria on a scale of one to five (with five being the highest score of excellence).

Summary table of overall rankings

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Accomplishments

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Background

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

10 (with 2 median); 9 (with 1 median); 9 (with 2 median); 9 (with 2 median); 9 (with 3 median); 10

Being their "own woman"

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

10 (with 2 median); 9 (with 1 median); 9 (with 2 median); 9 (with 2 median); 9 (with 3 median); 10

Courage

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

10 (with 2 median); 9 (with 1 median); 9 (with 2 median); 9 (with 2 median); 9 (with 3 median); 10

Integrity

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

10 (with 2 median); 9 (with 1 median); 9 (with 2 median); 9 (with 2 median); 9 (with 3 median); 10

Leadership

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

10 (with 2 median); 9 (with 1 median); 9 (with 2 median); 9 (with 2 median); 9 (with 3 median); 10

Public image

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

10 (with 2 median); 9 (with 1 median); 9 (with 2 median); 9 (with 2 median); 9 (with 3 median); 10

White House stewardship

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

10 (with 2 median); 9 (with 1 median); 9 (with 2 median); 9 (with 2 median); 9 (with 3 median); 10

Value to the country

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

10 (with 2 median); 9 (with 1 median); 9 (with 2 median); 9 (with 2 median); 9 (with 3 median); 10

Value to the president

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

10 (with 2 median); 9 (with 1 median); 9 (with 2 median); 9 (with 2 median); 9 (with 3 median); 10

1982

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

1993

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

2003

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

2008

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

2014

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

2020

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Martha Washington

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Abigail Adams

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Dolley Madison

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Elizabeth Monroe

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Louisa Adams

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Letitia Tyler

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Julia Tyler

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Sarah Polk

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Margaret Taylor

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Abigail Fillmore

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Jane Pierce

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Mary Todd Lincoln

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Eliza Johnson

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Julia Grant

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Lucy Hayes

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Lucretia Garfield

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Frances Cleveland

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Caroline Harrison

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Ida McKlinley

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Edith Roosevelt

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Helen Taft

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Ellen Wilson

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Edith Wilson

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Florence Harding

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Grace Coolidge

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Lou Hoover

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Eleanor Roosevelt

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Bess Truman

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Mamie Eisenhower

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Jacqueline Kennedy

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Lady Bird Johnson

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Pat Nixon

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Betty Ford

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Rosalynn Cater

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Nancy Reagan

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Barbara Bush

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Hillary Clinton

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Laura Bush

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Michelle Obama

 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Top rankings on other descriptors (20th and 21st century first ladies)
https://scri.siena.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Appendix_B_20th_and_21st_Century_First_Ladies.pdf

In 2014 and 2020, the studies additionally asked scholars and historians to name their top-choice among 20th and 21st century first ladies for various descriptors.

Could imagine them serving as president
This ranking assessing which first ladies scholars and historians could imagine having served as a president themselves.

The only first lady to have ever themselves sought election to the presidency was Hillary Clinton, who has been ranked first both times that this question has been survveyed.

Ranking of initiatives of 20th and 21st century first ladies
The 2020 survey was the first to ask for rankings on the signature initiatives of first ladies, asking this question about the initiatives of ten most-recent first ladies at the time, noting that, "since the 1960’s every First Lady has focused part of her tenure on raising awareness of and promoting efforts to address a pressing social problem."


 * Within each column: Blue backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 * Green backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 * Yellow-green backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.
 * Yellow backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 * Orange backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Sources cited

 * Sources used for rankings and scores of weighed criteria:
 * 1982: https://scri.siena.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/82-Ranking.pdf
 * 1993:
 * 2003:
 * 2008:
 * 2014:
 * 2020:
 * Sources used for top rankings of other descriptors:
 * 2014:
 * 2020:
 * Source for ranking of initiatives of 20th and 21st century first ladies:
 * Source for rankings of first couples as "power couples":